How Cranes Work

SPEAKER_23: A group of high school students started a project to research a string of unsolved murders. SPEAKER_03: There is no profile of this killer except for the ones the students created. SPEAKER_24: What if this guy's still alive? Like, what if he comes after us? SPEAKER_02: Once you start getting a few tips or a few leads or a few identifications, then the cold case isn't so cold anymore. SPEAKER_08: This is Murder 101. Listen to Murder 101 on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. It's Kate and Oliver Hudson! SPEAKER_13: Host of the new podcast, Sibling Revelry. SPEAKER_13: We started this show because, you know what, no one talks about siblings and that dynamic. SPEAKER_07: The siblings, they know each other better than anybody. SPEAKER_13: Yes. SPEAKER_13: You know. Listen to Sibling Revelry on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. SPEAKER_21: The celebrity memoir holds up a mirror to society. SPEAKER_15: That's why we started our podcast, Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily. Where we read celebrity memoirs. SPEAKER_09: Total guilty pleasures. SPEAKER_09: And then synthesize probing cultural analyses from the text. From Jessica Simpson to historical figures like Helen Keller. Isn't that a delicious mix of highbrow and low? SPEAKER_09: It certainly is. Listen to Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_25: Hey everybody! We're coming to the Pacific Northwest, so if you live in that area, or can get on a plane to go to that area, or a boat or snowshoe, whatever, we'll see you at the end of January. SPEAKER_18: That's right. Brand new show, brand new topic. We don't even know what it is yet, but we'll be in Seattle, Washington on January 24th, Portland on January 25th, and then our annual trip to San Francisco Sketchfest on January 26th in Seattle. We're counting on you. We're at the Paramount this year, and that's a lot of seats, so we need a lot of your lovely faces in the audience. SPEAKER_25: Yes, so get thee to stuffyoushouldknow.com and click on the tour button to get all your facts, or you can go to linktree slash sysk and get the same links and the same facts. And we'll see you guys in January. We can't wait! SPEAKER_04: Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. SPEAKER_25: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is Stuff You Should Know, the Tonka edition. You know, I had a terrible thought earlier that it might be fun to release this episode SPEAKER_18: on cranes and then one of the bird cranes, and then we have another one coming up that SPEAKER_18: I just asked our friend Dave Roos to get on that we could also do. You know what that one is? Did you see that? I don't want to give it away. It's also a food in a cartoon. SPEAKER_25: I don't remember. SPEAKER_18: We could do one on the food in the cartoon with the same title, and we should just start doing even more confusing titles. SPEAKER_25: Okay, I think that's a great idea. SPEAKER_18: So we've got to do one on the bird cranes next. SPEAKER_25: Okay, so and we'll just title them the same thing. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. Okay. How cranes work, how cranes work. Yeah, figure it out. And people won't know what they're, because that happens a lot anyway. Like when we did Nirvana, we actually put not the band, right? Right. SPEAKER_25: That's the opposite of being purposefully confusing. Yeah, exactly. SPEAKER_25: Today in this episode, a couple minutes in, now we'll finally reveal, we're talking about the construction version of cranes. SPEAKER_18: That's right. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, that's why I said the Tonka edition, which is probably a bit of a giveaway. Were you into Tonka? SPEAKER_18: I wasn't that into Tonka. I think I had a truck or something, but I wasn't, I was a sensitive boy. I wasn't banging trucks around and building things. I was too. I also feel like we've gone back in time, because this feels like a very 10 years ago thing for us. SPEAKER_25: Oh yeah, the article on the House of Work site was written by Marshall Braine himself. Oh, goodness. Mr. Ruse helped us out with this one. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, okay, was that the deal? SPEAKER_25: No, it wasn't. I actually didn't know that there was something. I was looking up some fact or whatever and that article came up and I was like, oh. So yeah, no, that wasn't the deal. SPEAKER_17: SPEAKER_25: But I don't remember what made me want to do this. I think it was just... Probably saw one, huh? I don't think so. I mean, I've seen plenty. SPEAKER_25: But no, I really don't think that's what did it. I don't know where it came from, but I think it's just kind of like a lifelong fascination with it. I'm not like a crana-phile or anything like that. I can't tell you like, you know, the names of the operators. I don't have like trading cards or anything. But I do find construction stuff pretty impressive from like a distance. You know what I mean? Totally. Yeah, when you can't see the people. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, when I see one of those things going, I always stop and take a look and just think, my Lord, what have we come up with now? SPEAKER_25: Yeah, we should say there's a ton of different cranes. So this is specifically tower cranes. And we didn't call the episode that just because apparently we're going to confuse everybody. Tower cranes would have given it away. But we're talking about a very specific kind of crane and it is the construction crane, the kind you see on construction sites, especially these days if you're driving through Toronto. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, apparently Dave dug up some stats on crane usage. Who knew that existed? And Toronto right now leads the way in North America with the most operating cranes. I guess they're building a lot there. Yeah. They've got 121 going. SPEAKER_18: But boy, in the 2010s, he found that there were about 100,000 cranes operating around SPEAKER_18: the world during that big, you know, 2010s construction boom. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. And I mean, that's a really good proxy for how the global construction industry is doing because I think you essentially can't undertake any decent-sized construction project without a tower crane of some sort on your site. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. If you want height, you're going to need a crane. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. You want height, you want to very quickly and easily move like a pile of, you know, steel girders or rebar. Like yeah, you can break down that bunch of rebar and have a bunch of guys just kind of cart it from one side to the other. Or you can save about 20 man-hours and just lift it up and move it over with the crane. They're invaluable for a construction site. SPEAKER_18: They are. And he also found this cool stat, which is the largest one going right now from, I don't know how to say that, Kroll Cranes. That O has a null set lying through it. SPEAKER_17: It's Danish. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, some Danish pronunciation. Kruhl. But the K10,000, my friend, as you know, and my friends out there listening, that can lift about 100 SUVs, 528,000 pounds. Yeah. SPEAKER_25: And like, like, 100 SUVs. Yeah, not like escapes either, like normal size SUVs. I Googled like mid-sized Volvo SUV weight. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, it makes sense. It's a lot of SUVs all at once that it could lift up. And that's, as we'll see, it depends on where it's lifting from and all that. There's a lot of variables and factors and all of that put together, combined with the SPEAKER_25: danger and just the unique situation anybody who's operating a crane is in, makes it a really demanding high pressure job. I saw one crane operator basically liken it to eight hours of nonstop surgery, essentially, because of the attention to detail you have to have at all times. You have to anticipate what people on the ground are going to do based on their body movement. And you're working with your hands. Like you use two joysticks and it seems very simple, but you can make the crane do all sorts of interesting things with just those two joysticks. And depending on how busy the construction site is, you might not stop moving those joysticks essentially the entire day. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, all sorts of things. How about a soft shoe? Sure. Yeah, it's like a battle zone. Remember that game? SPEAKER_25: No. SPEAKER_18: Battles, I think we've even talked about this. That's the one where you look through the arcade game where it was made out of like green, what's it called when it's just lined out and not colored in like a... Vector. Yeah, sort of. And you had a left and right joystick like you were driving a tank around and looking through an eyepiece. Yes, I remember now. SPEAKER_25: And then that made me talk about Sea Wolf, I think, the Periscope submarine game. Oh, did that have the same deal? Basically, yeah. SPEAKER_18: All right. SPEAKER_25: So we can move on from our case. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, exactly. It's kind of like that but with real death involved potentially. SPEAKER_18: Right. And this whole thing was the idea of a German construction engineer, post-World War II, named Hans Liebe because Hans Liebe had a lot of Germany and all of Germany had a lot of Germany to rebuild, especially in the city centers post-World War II. SPEAKER_18: And so he came up with this idea in 1949 of a mobile tower crane that you could take from place to place. What you would say now it was probably what we would call a luffing crane, L-U-F-F-I-N-G, SPEAKER_18: which we'll talk about a little bit later on when we're detailing cranes. So not the hugest super tall ones, but it was 1949 and it was a good start. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, I mean, give Liebe a break. He's the one who essentially said like, we need cranes and we can do more with cranes. There would not be skyscrapers without tower cranes. Sorry, face it. Yeah. And also we should probably give them their due. It goes all the way back to at the very least the sixth century BCE Greeks who were the first ones to start using cranes in construction projects. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, of course. SPEAKER_25: So basically nothing happened for 2,600 years roughly until Hans Liebe came along. SPEAKER_18: These climbing cranes we're going to detail came about in the 1960s thanks to, and these things are pretty remarkable. That's the really giant tall ones that you see that kind of build themselves. SPEAKER_18: And boy, just stick around everybody because it gets pretty hot. But they came to us courtesy of a couple of Aussie brothers, Ted and Eric Favel, I guess, in 1962. And because they were Australian, of course, they called them kangaroo jumping cranes, like for real. I'll bet everyone but the Australians called it that. Oh, maybe so. But they helped erect the Twin Towers in New York City. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, apparently so did the K10,000 from what I understand. Oh, so that one's been around, huh? SPEAKER_25: Yeah, I think a lot of cranes helped build the Twin Towers, but you couldn't have built the Twin Towers without climbing cranes. And like you said, man, if you understand how the climbing cranes work, it's amazing. But it also answers a really great question, like, how did those little cranes get all the way on top of a skyscraper? Just wait. Just you wait, the eight-year-old kid in all of us. SPEAKER_18: But we're going to be mainly talking about what's known as a hammerhead tower crane. And that is when you look up in the sky and you see a giant, giant tall T, essentially, with a very long side of that T, horizontal T, and a shorter side coming out the other side of the T. SPEAKER_25: It's like an inexpertly written T. It looks like one of my daughter's Ts. Okay. Well, I would call her an inexpert at this point. She's just starting out. Yeah, her penmanship is terrible. We're working on it. Just teach her how to cut letters out of magazines. SPEAKER_18: We were, yeah, I should. We were working on her math last night and she was having me check her actual math work. And I said, your math is all perfect. I said, I'd like to see you work on just sort of the neatness in how you display your answers. She was like, what? It's like, well, you know, I can look at this. I was kind of pointing things out in a very Larry David kind of way. SPEAKER_18: So I'm not sure if it sunk in. We'll see. Did she get the curb references? Oh, she totally did. Jeff Garland's her favorite. SPEAKER_25: So, all right, well, let's talk about the components of a crane because it's actually SPEAKER_25: extraordinarily simple. SPEAKER_25: It's extraordinarily, it's just as easy as that. They're really simple machines, but they're intricate in how precise they need to be. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. So, we got to start, let's go bottom up. You want to go bottom up? SPEAKER_25: Okay. Yeah, that seems all right. SPEAKER_18: All right. Well, we got to start with the foundation because obviously if something is this tall and they're, you know, lifting things like 100 SUVs basically, you're going to have to have a heck of a foundation. And that's where you're going to start. These things are actually sunk into a concrete pad. The concrete pad for the largest ones weighs about 400,000 pounds. SPEAKER_18: And it is, it's not like they do this in blocks and sections. It's one big long concrete pourer through rebar to just make that thing as solid as it was built into the actual bedrock of the earth. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. They essentially are creating their own bedrock to pour around the foundation of the mast is what it's called. And that part of the crane that rises upward from the ground, that's called the tower or the mast. And the bottom of the mast is cemented into an enormous multi-100,000 pound block of concrete. It's pretty impressive in and of itself, right? Totally. So, the mast you might, if you look closely, you'll see it's made of essentially trusses, squares and trusses. And if you will refer to our bridges episode, we came face to face with the realization that trusses are the most beautifully strong structure on earth essentially. So it makes sense because as we'll see, you want these, the mast sections to be fairly lightweight and you can make something lightweight if you use trusses. So I'm sure it was Hans Lieber who figured that one out like right out of the gate. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, absolutely. Depending on your project is how tall your tower is going to be because like you said, they, well, you'll see how they build themselves. But you don't want one that's taller than it needs to be. And obviously you want it tall enough. The tallest ones are over 400 feet tall and the more standard ones are in the like 250 foot range. SPEAKER_25: Right. And I think China just released like the largest toughest crane around. It's a real competitor to the K10,000. But anything over about 400 feet, we haven't really cracked the physics of a free standing tower crane beyond that. It just, it's too unstable. It's too risky. It doesn't work. SPEAKER_25: So let's say we top out at about 200, 250. I think you said something like that. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, 250ish. SPEAKER_25: The top, I don't know, 10% of that probably would be made up of what's called the cat's head. And the cat's head is essentially the top of the crane that all of the parts that actually do the work above the mast connect to. Okay. Yeah. So for example, you have the slewing unit. And the slewing unit is at the neck, basically the base of the head of that cat's head. And it's essentially a huge disc that the whole thing can spin around on. 360 degrees. Go by a worksite, tower crane, shout out to them, say, do me a 360. Any crane operator worth their salt will just stop what they're doing and do a 360 for you to show just how amazing the slewing unit is. SPEAKER_18: Did you know what the definition of slew is? Does it have something to do with Seattle? SPEAKER_18: No, it's to turn violently or uncontrollably. SPEAKER_25: No. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, that's what the verb is. You know, undergoing slewing or as a noun, a violent or uncontrollable sliding movement. SPEAKER_25: Chuck, I tip my Breton cap to you for looking up that word in year 15, man. Way to go. SPEAKER_18: Well, I didn't know what it meant. So I appreciate that. But it's just I don't know. I'm sure someone can explain this. Boy, I'm hoping we hear from crane people. Oh, I hope so, too. SPEAKER_25: And I hope they're like, gosh, you guys sure got it right. Not like I'm never listening to you again. SPEAKER_18: Like the scuba people. So the slewing unit is the it's where the mast and the top functioning part of the crane SPEAKER_25: meet and it spins it around. It's what allows the whole thing to spin around. All right. SPEAKER_18: The next thing we have is that the you know, the big long arm, that big working arm that extends way out, the horizontal arm that lifts the stuff, although it doesn't actually SPEAKER_18: lift the stuff. It holds the stuff. That's called the jib arm. SPEAKER_18: A jib is it's not specific to cranes. There are all kinds of jib arms. If you've ever worked on a movie set and they, you know, have crane shots and stuff like that, those are called jibs as well. Why is that funny? SPEAKER_18: Why are you laughing at everything? SPEAKER_25: Because you know, I'm not drunk. I'm drunk-ish. Not fully. Not enough to explain my laughingness. SPEAKER_18: So the jib can go out, you know, a few hundred feet sometimes for the extra large ones. And it basically allows it to lift things up, swing it over and drop it off somewhere else. And if you're thinking, well, that sounds a lot more complicated than that. It is and it isn't. It's not in that that's what that jib arm is there for. There is something called a load chart that, you know, you really got to be well acquainted with because if you're picking up something from the very tippy end of that 300-foot jib, you're not going to be able to lift as much as you would if that thing were pulled back to like 50 or 60 feet because of physics, it would tip over. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, you can't lift the full load of Volvo midsize SUVs that you could if it's much closer, if the load's closer to the center of gravity for the whole crane, right? SPEAKER_18: Yeah, so I guess that maximum lift capacity would be when it's at its peak of, you know, position. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, peak balance. SPEAKER_18: Like lifting, yeah, peak balance. SPEAKER_25: Right. So it would not necessarily be, I don't know, it depends on the weight of the load where that peak of balance would be, right? But for the heaviest, for its maximum lift, it would probably be pretty much close to the center of the jib arm, maybe? SPEAKER_25: Yeah. No, I think it's actually a little closer. Regardless, the thing that I think is ingenious about all this is that the jib arm never moves. It's static. It might move like swiveling, but it's not swiveling itself. It's just swiveling with the rest of the whole working part of the crane, right? So the jib arm stays where it is. So they've actually designed everything else around the fact that the jib arm stays straight. And that's what allows loads to like move toward the cab, away from the cab, toward the end of the arm, toward the inside of the arm, the jib arm, through a bunch of pulleys, and specifically something called the trolley, which is attached to the underside of the jib arm. It's just what moves back and forth along the jib arm, allowing you to kind of move a load closer or further away, depending on where the people on the ground need it. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. Like if you stood up and put one arm out, that arm would just stay there. And picture a little carriage on the underside of your arm that slides down to your fingertips and back to your armpit. Yeah, the stuff that hangs down from your bicep when you just let your arm stay there. SPEAKER_25: Imagine that moving toward your fingers. SPEAKER_18: Oh, God. It's called aging. So your arm stays straight the whole time, and that little carriage on the underside of your arm is what's moving stuff. And then if you want to move it from here to there, you turn your whole body and you go, errr, while you do it. So your kids will laugh and stuff. But that's essentially it. That arm just stays there. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, and when you turn your whole body, your hips are slewing. SPEAKER_18: Right? I guess so. Like Elvis. SPEAKER_25: So then the hook, the thing that actually hooks onto the load, that's just connected to the trolley, right? It's pretty neat because you actually raise and lower the hook so it's connected to a system of pulleys, like a whole bunch of different pulleys. And when you connect these pulleys together, it's called reaving. And so there's a certain way to connect all these pulleys to maximize just the grip and traction they have while also allowing the heaviest possible load to kind of hang from that cable without snapping. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, and it just works as a rod and reel, like when you're fishing. SPEAKER_18: You just wind it in to raise it and let it out to lower it. SPEAKER_25: Now that technically is found in the hoist unit, which to me is just, I mean, it's the thing that makes everything move. Well no, I guess the slewing unit makes the thing move too. Anything that has to do with the load, the hook, all of that stuff, it's found in the hoist unit. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, and that works with that hook block through a series of pulleys. They're not just like, hey, let's get this gigantic pulley and a giant cable. They want that cable running through several, several pulleys. Right. SPEAKER_25: And it comes up and then usually up above the top of the jib arm and then back behind to the counter jib where it sits, I think usually the hoist unit sits behind the counter weights. And it consists of a big old burly 180 horsepower motor that's spinning a giant drum that has a bunch of steel cable wound around it. So the whole thing acts like a fishing line, a rod and reel essentially is the best analogy for it. When you want to lower something, the drum spins and the line pays out. When you want to raise it back up, the drum spins the other way and reels the line in. And, mister, you got a big old couple hundred ton fish on the end of your line there. Congratulations. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, and that cable is, I mean, you would think like it's got to be like three feet around or something, but cable is really, really strong. SPEAKER_18: I'm not sure how big this cable is, but I've seen cables that like pull a boat out of the water and those things are not big around at all. And I'm constantly thinking, well, I wonder when I'm going to see somebody's boat snap off. And it just doesn't happen. Cable is just super, super strong. Yeah, for sure. You know, next time we do a topic like this, we should get two five year olds to come in and explain this part because they would do it so much more simple. SPEAKER_18: Do you think so? SPEAKER_18: I think so. Simply, yeah. All right. Two five or maybe four year olds. Okay. It's got a counter jib, but that is if you look at the tower crane and you see that big long arm on the other side of the mast, you're going to see a much shorter horizontal arm out of what I guess you would call the back of the crane. And that is going to hold the counterweights because you've got to counterbalance all those Volvo SUVs with a lot of serious weights. And that is that those are the counterweights. The K10,000 requires almost as many counterweights as it requires for like the maximum lift. It's 491,000 and change of poundage compared to what I say, like 580 or something like that. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, it's yeah. And there's just these huge concrete slabs that are shaped slightly like a T. So the bottom parts fit into a slot, but the tops won't. So they just dangle there. It's nuts, actually, if you think about what's going on hundreds of feet up in the air. SPEAKER_18: Well, what's nuts is when they're not lifting anything, those counterweights make the crane kind of tip backward a little bit. And if you're a crane operator and you start lifting and dropping things off, that crane does a little weeble wobble of a few feet when it's lifting and releasing things. And you just got to, you know, you got to be used to that, I guess. Yeah. SPEAKER_25: Sure, it takes a lot of getting used to. SPEAKER_25: And then there's a tower peak, which hammerhead tower cranes don't usually have a peak. It's just flat all the way across. But sometimes they have a nice little almost like a sailboat sail masting kind of thing. And usually that's to help support from above the jib because those things extend out pretty far and they're cantilevered. So they can use all the support they can get. SPEAKER_18: There's more cableage basically, right? Kind of supporting it from above? SPEAKER_25: Yes. SPEAKER_18: And there's one more big, big piece of equipment as far as importance goes. If you ask me, it could be a little bigger. I have some thoughts on how to improve these things. But that is the operator cab where the person sits, the crane operator sits for 8 to 12 to 15 hours a day, depending on how much they're being put to work. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. And it's like roughly smallish walk-in closet size in a mid-market priced suburban home. SPEAKER_18: So here are my two thoughts. A, these people climb up a ladder to get there. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. How long does it take them, Chuck? SPEAKER_18: It can take like 10 minutes or more, depending on how fast you're climbing. So my first improvement is you got to get them out of like off that ladder. No one needs to be climbing up that thing at the beginning or the end of a shift. SPEAKER_25: Okay. SPEAKER_18: Check one. There's got to be a way to get somebody up there like a rig they attach them to and mechanically pulley themselves up or something like that. SPEAKER_18: So that's my first suggestion. The other one is that thing needs a little tiny toilet. There's no bathroom. There's climate controlled, which is great, but they don't have a toilet. And Dave said he found out they pee in a bottle and poop in a plastic bag. Like get a little bitty. You could make that thing a little bit bigger and put a couple of mod cons in there for these people. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. No, it's true for sure. I think the thing that fascinated me the most about the cab, besides not having a bathroom, is that the windshield essentially extends all the way down below the operator's feet. So when you're sitting in the seat, your feet are dangling over the ground hundreds and hundreds of feet below. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. It's really something to see. And listen, I'm not trying to be gross, but this is real world stuff. SPEAKER_18: What if you've got diarrhea or something and you're up there? SPEAKER_25: Well, you know, I saw a lot of... It's a real problem. For sure it is. I saw a lot of blogs and articles about how as a crane operator, you really need to take care of yourself, probably more than the average construction worker would. In addition to getting sleep so you're not off your game on any day, you want to eat well, at least for that reason. You don't want to eat a dozen wings for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. That's a bad idea. Chili. No chili. Nothing like that. Chili dogs, chili con carne, none of that stuff. Yeah, this is a real consideration for sure. And because it takes at least 10 minutes to get to the ground, of course you're not going to stop every time you have to go to the potty. You're going to just go up there. SPEAKER_00: SPEAKER_18: Yeah. You put a little tiny potty up there is all I'm saying. SPEAKER_25: Plus also, even if you don't... Even if you're like, I want to climb back down, this is going to be awful, so I need to get out of this cab. When you're climbing down and you go to the bathroom and then you have to climb back up, that could be 45 minutes, an hour worth of time. That's my point. That the entire construction site has just essentially shut down waiting on you or whatever was coming next is just waiting on you. You have literally slowed down the entire project. That's the amount of pressure that's on the crane operator at all times typically. SPEAKER_18: Little bathroom solved that whole problem. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. At the very least, one of those stadium catheters that people use at football games. SPEAKER_18: Should we take a break? Yes. All right. We'll be right back with more on tower cranes. SPEAKER_08: From the studio who brought you the number one podcast, The Piketon Massacre. This is Murder 101. SPEAKER_23: A group of high school students started a project to research a string of unsolved murders. SPEAKER_19: Those murders happened in the mid 1980s. SPEAKER_12: He's out there doing stuff. He just didn't stop. SPEAKER_03: Everything that the students predicted through their profile turned out to be accurate. SPEAKER_00: Redhead killer profile. Male. Caucasian. Five nine to six two. One eighty to two hundred and seventy pounds. Unstable home. Present father and a domineering mother. Right handed IQ above one hundred. Most likely heterosexual. SPEAKER_03: There is no profile of this killer except for the ones the students created. Just because some of these women no longer have people to speak for them does not mean SPEAKER_22: that they deserve to not be spoken for. SPEAKER_24: What if this guy's still alive? Like what if he comes after us? I said are you going to kill me? He said yes. SPEAKER_08: Listen to Murder 101 on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_10: Discover the heartwarming and hilarious world of sibling connections on Sibling Revelry with Kate Hudson and Oliver Hudson. You might be asking yourself, what is sibling revelry? Yeah, well, we just made it up. SPEAKER_10: They'll have some laughs and maybe inspire some people along the way with universal tales of what it's like to grow up with brothers and sisters. SPEAKER_07: We're full blood siblings. The only full blood sibling. SPEAKER_11: In our family. Well, not in the world. No, in the whole world. That's just it. SPEAKER_07: Like no one. SPEAKER_10: Dive into family tales and explore the human mind with guests like Joel and Benji Madden. SPEAKER_13: And it's fun because we've decided to open it up, you know, to really like all kinds SPEAKER_13: of different siblings. And it's going to be an awesome season. SPEAKER_13: It's more than a podcast. SPEAKER_10: It's a celebration of the ties that bind us. Listen to Sibling Revelry with Kate Hudson and Oliver Hudson on the iHeartRadio app, or on Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_09: Listen to historical figures like Helen Keller. SPEAKER_15: Isn't that just a delicious mix of highbrow and low? SPEAKER_09: But don't take our word for it. A little magazine called The New Yorker. Ever heard of it? Call Celebrity Book Club giddy, urbane, delectable patter. SPEAKER_15: If the patter isn't delectable, honey, it isn't patter. SPEAKER_09: The New York Times. Excuse me? Says it's like eavesdropping on two best friends as they share a bottle of wine. SPEAKER_15: Why drink wine when you can listen to it? SPEAKER_09: Listen to Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_01: Professional dancer, Cheryl Burke, has been part of Dancing with the Stars since the very beginning. Twenty six seasons of The Samba, The Rumba and The Cha Cha. Twenty four partners, six finals and two mirror ball trophies. She knows all the secrets, the behind the scenes arguments and the affairs, the flings, the flirting and the fighting. It's time to tell it all on her new podcast, Sex, Lies and Spray Tans. We'll take you all the way back to season one and up through today for the dance floor drama like you wouldn't believe. Former partners, co-stars, friends and frenemies will join Cheryl each week. Listen to Sex, Lies and Spray Tans on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_16: We got Terry, we got Bob, we got Seth, Seth, Seth. We got Terry, we got Seth, Seth, Seth. SPEAKER_25: Okay, Chuck, so now we're at probably the coolest part. You thought everything was cool thus far? Mm hmm. Just wait for this. Because you mentioned the Favelle brothers out of Australia. No. SPEAKER_17: And they invented that kangaroo crane, which from what I can tell, no one calls it that anymore. SPEAKER_25: They probably did at first. Now they call them climbing cranes. There's actually two ways they figured out to make cranes climb to essentially build themselves. That's what they do. Because there's only so much of the mast that you can build using smaller cranes. Eventually the crane's going to get too tall for the cranes that are helping build it to lift. And it needs to start taking over. It needs to stand on its own two feet and take charge of its own life. SPEAKER_18: Yeah, or really four legs. Sure. The two methods are top climbing and bottom climbing. So at the beginning of each job, or when you're going to get a job, I guess you have to determine if you're a top or a bottom. And for top climbing, it really helps, I gotta say, to look at a video. Like Dave sent us these video demos. We're going to do our best to describe this stuff. If you happen to be at home or a safe place, when you're not driving your car, SPEAKER_18: give yourself 30 seconds and check it out. I found a good one for top climbing. SPEAKER_25: Search Stafford Soima. S-O-I-M-A. SPEAKER_25: And then for bottom climbing, Hans Lieber's company has a great video on it. SPEAKER_18: I love these guys. Hopefully this is going to blow up and they're going to be like, Man, where are we getting all these views from? SPEAKER_25: We've gotten 100 views in the last six months now. Yeah, I hope that doesn't mean like, SPEAKER_18: We should invest in buying more cranes because of all the interest. SPEAKER_25: Hey, that's on them if they misread the market that badly. SPEAKER_18: All right, so the climbing frame is what is necessary to build a top climbing crane. The climbing frame is three-sided. It's got, you know, three sides and then one open side. And it's built around the base of the mast, kind of like Dave described it as like a cage that's a little wider than the mast so it can slide up and down on the outside, which makes a lot of sense. SPEAKER_25: You know those construction elevators that they have on construction sites? That are essentially that, that people like use to get up? Imagine that, but there's no place for you to stand because the mast of the crane is going through it. Yeah. That's a much more convoluted way to think of it. I like the thing. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, exactly. The cool thing about this climbing frame is SPEAKER_18: it is equipped with these hydraulic jacks. So what it does is, they have all these, you know, trusses in a very straight line because while you're doing this, that jib arm is going to be able to go up and down and down and down. And while you're doing this, that jib arm has to stay completely straight and still. Right. Or I'm sorry, yeah, that long arm. You don't want it moving around. And you'll see why in a second. SPEAKER_18: So they line them all up in a row, and that climbing frame goes down, and it picks up one of these trusses, or you know, it doesn't pick it up. I imagine it gets loaded in or whatever. And then these hydraulic jacks push it up, you know, kind of, you know, a few feet at a time basically, you know, decompressing and compressing and inching this thing up and up and up until it gets to the top of where you need a new section. And then they slide it in and attach it. But the frightening part is all of this is done, like this thing has to be unbolted in order to bolt the new section on. So there's a very tenuous time where everything has just got to be perfectly in balance while they unbolt this thing. Yeah, and what's scary is at that most tenuous time, SPEAKER_25: that's when the crane is lifting the next mast section up so that it can be slid into that open fourth wall of the climbing frame. It's really nuts. SPEAKER_18: And the operators even out because they don't even want anyone in the cab moving around, like, you know, with diarrhea. SPEAKER_25: Right. But no, I saw in one video SPEAKER_25: that the crane had to have the operator in there to lift up each mast section. Well, I saw that a lot of times they're not in there, SPEAKER_18: so some may be self-operational and some may require just a very steady, you know, someone on some Imodium A2, I guess. SPEAKER_18: I mean, yeah, no, that makes sense SPEAKER_25: that there wouldn't be any in there because it's very dangerous because the only thing connecting the entire top part of the crane, which is already built to the bottom of the mast, is that climbing frame at those points when they're starting to move a new section in. But when you do this, you can do this up to, what was it, about, you know, 400 feet where the whole thing tops out. Like, yeah, that's, I can't imagine seeing something like that, let alone working on it because I don't know if you said, on that climbing frame, there's some dudes being gender neutral here riding that thing. Like, you're a dude if you are sticking giant pins into the mast frame sections to erect a giant tower crane. That's just the kind of personality it takes, I think. Yeah, and I had always assumed SPEAKER_18: these were telescoping like a fire truck ladder. I thought it was just some huge unit on the ground SPEAKER_18: that could just telescope up to 400 feet. The fact that this is how it's done is remarkable. Yeah, and so you can almost imagine SPEAKER_25: the climbing frame is like a giant speculum that separates the top of the tower crane from the bottom and you insert another section and then it does it again. SPEAKER_18: All right, you explain the bottom because I got it and I saw the video, but I had a couple of questions. Oh, okay. SPEAKER_25: All right. So bottom climbing, you do the opposite. With the top climbing, you're adding the new sections at the top. At the bottom, you build the crane like any other tower crane to start up to 200, 300 feet, whatever, and you use it like normal. But the difference is with a bottom climbing crane, you build the building around the crane. With a top climbing... SPEAKER_18: Yeah, it's inside the building. SPEAKER_25: Exactly. Top climbing is outside the building. It stays outside of the building the whole time. Bottom climbing, you build the building around the crane and eventually, as the building gets tall enough, it starts to serve as the support structure for the crane. Because eventually, you have to decouple the crane from the foundation that was poured for it, like any other crane. SPEAKER_17: And there's a jack that climbs up these climbing rails, SPEAKER_25: essentially two ladders that are on the outside of the crane itself, and it pushes the crane up little by little, usually about three stories at a time. And so now the crane has lost its bottom section because the bottom section is now three stories above it, and the top three stories is now unsecured to the next top three stories of the building. So they then secure that to the building with collars, and then they disassemble everything below it and build the building out around the shaft where the crane used to be. They fill it in as the crane just moves higher and higher and higher. And with this method, you can build as tall a building as physics will allow, because the crane grows upward with the building as the building grows upward. Yeah, it's amazing. And I guess that answered my question. SPEAKER_18: My question was sort of, if you need that kind of foundation for a freestanding outside, like, is being attached to the building enough? And I guess it is. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, yeah, yes, for sure. And I think it's like special parts of the building. It's not like they attach it to like studs and drywall or something like that. Like, I think the building is designed to accommodate this crane also. Yeah, I think that more than answered my question. SPEAKER_18: Yes, but those are the two ways that you can raise a crane, SPEAKER_25: and they're both spectacular in their ingeniousness. All right, so that's how they're built, bottom up or top down, SPEAKER_18: not top down. How do we say it? Well, either one. I think bottom climbing or top climbing, you mean? SPEAKER_18: I guess so. Those are the giant tower cranes. We mentioned that luffing crane at the beginning. This is when you don't have a ton of space. And I saw a video where it showed, especially when there's multiple cranes on a job swinging around, you've got to think about the fact that like if you're swinging something 300 feet, everything has got to be out of the way of that swing as well. So when you have tighter spaces, you might want a luffing jib arm, and that is when the horizontal arm actually raises and lowers. So instead of having that block and hook going up and down with a pulley, it's just sort of there, and the action of lifting that arm up and down is what brings the thing on the hook closer or further away. Yeah, if you've ever seen like one of those wrecking balls that they use, SPEAKER_25: that's attached to a luffing crane typically. Sure. What about self-erectors? SPEAKER_25: These are pretty neat. They usually show up on the back of like a truck, and the truck puts down some feet for stabilization and probably lifts the truck off of the ground, and a crane just kind of pops out. It folds out, telescope. It's that telescoping effect that you thought the original tower cranes were doing. This essentially does that. No, no, no. This is a folding. It's not telescoping. SPEAKER_25: Okay, but it's folded up in itself. It's all there, and it unfurls, I guess, is what I'm after here. Yeah, I just wanted to make sure you knew what telescoping meant. SPEAKER_25: I learned what telescoping means and slewing thanks to you in this one episode. That's right. These things just unfold into the sky, SPEAKER_18: and it's also some really cool videos you can watch. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. SPEAKER_18: Should we take another break? SPEAKER_25: Well, before we do, I wanted to take another crack at explaining bottom climbing. We'll be right back. SPEAKER_08: From the studio who brought you the number one podcast, The Piketon Massacre, this is Murder 101. A group of high school students started a project to research a string of unsolved murders. SPEAKER_23: Those murders happened in the mid-1980s. SPEAKER_19: He's out there doing stuff. He just didn't stop. SPEAKER_12: Everything that the students predicted through their profile turned out to be accurate. SPEAKER_03: Redhead killer profile. Male. Caucasian. Five nine to six two. One eighty to two hundred and seventy pounds. SPEAKER_00: Unstable home. Absent father and a domineering mother. Right handed. IQ above one hundred. Most likely, heterosexual. There is no profile of this killer except for the ones the students created. SPEAKER_03: Just because some of these women no longer have people to speak for them does not mean that they deserve to not be spoken for. SPEAKER_22: What if this guy's still alive? Like, what if he comes after us? SPEAKER_24: I said, are you going to kill me? He said yes. Listen to Murder 101 on the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_08: Discover the heartwarming and hilarious world of sibling connections on sibling revelry with Kate Hudson and Oliver Hudson. SPEAKER_10: You might be asking yourself, what is sibling revelry? Yeah, well, we just made it up. SPEAKER_06: They'll have some laughs and maybe inspire some people along the way with universal tales of what it's like to grow up with brothers and sisters. SPEAKER_10: We're full blood siblings. The only full blood. So in our family. SPEAKER_11: Well, not in the world. I mean, in the whole world. This is like no one. SPEAKER_07: Dive into family tales and explore the human mind with guests like Joel and Benji Madden. SPEAKER_10: And it's fun because we've decided to open it up, you know, to really like all kinds of different siblings. SPEAKER_13: And it's going to be an awesome season. It's more than a podcast. It's a celebration of the ties that bind us. Listen to sibling revelry with Kate Hudson and Oliver Hudson on the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_20: Hey, everyone, it's Sophia Bush, host of podcast Work in Progress. I am thrilled to tell you that Work in Progress is back for a third season. My friends, it has never been more important than right now for us to have all of these big conversations. Together, we are going to get educated a little bit enlightened and we will definitely be entertained. I started Work in Progress because I'm a curious person and I realized there are so many people I get to speak to that are fascinating and rare. And so I thought, why not take these conversations out into the world? I'm going to be having deep chats with thought leaders, newsmakers, celebrities, entertainers, authors, elected officials and more. You can join us and listen to Work in Progress on the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you listen to podcasts. SPEAKER_15: The celebrity memoir holds up a mirror to society, don't you think? Oh, I couldn't agree more. It's why we started our podcast Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily. SPEAKER_09: What's the name of the podcast? I want to write it down in my notes app. SPEAKER_15: It's called Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily. SPEAKER_09: It's the podcast where we read celebrity memoirs, total guilty pleasures, and then synthesize probing cultural and social analyses from the text. From Aziz Ansari to Ulysses S. Graham. SPEAKER_15: From Jessica Simpson to historical figures like Helen Keller. SPEAKER_09: Isn't that just a delicious mix of highbrow and low? SPEAKER_15: But don't take our word for it. A little magazine called The New Yorker. SPEAKER_09: Ever heard of it? Call Celebrity Book Club Giddy Urbane Delectable Patter. If the patter isn't delectable, honey, it isn't patter. SPEAKER_15: The New York Times. SPEAKER_09: Excuse me? Says it's like eavesdropping on two best friends as they share a bottle of wine. Why drink wine when you can listen to it? SPEAKER_15: Listen to Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily on the I Heart Radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_16: What about drugs? And your friendship? And what about Harry? And what about myself? And what about you? And what about you? Just stay on the surface. SPEAKER_17: Seriously. SPEAKER_18: All right. We talked a little bit about the operator, but there are all kinds of team of people that work with these cranes, obviously. In the U.S. there's a certifying body called the NCCCO, National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. And so that's the big job. That's the most experienced person. They have worked on all these other jobs that we're about to talk about for years and years before they get to be the crane operator. And I was curious what kind of money they made. SPEAKER_18: And it's all over the map if you look on the Internet, because it seems like it's just kind of hard to find that stuff out. But I did see that in the southeastern United States, like $90,000 puts you at about the 75th percentile. I also saw on Reddit, like, my friend does this in New York kind of thing. Yeah. But apparently, people on Reddit are saying in New York City, you can make, you know, two to three to $400,000 as like one of the top two or three earners in New York, which is, I imagine, the top of the game in the world. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. No, I totally believe that. SPEAKER_25: Like, you're so in demand that you have nothing to do with raising the crane or taking it down. You're there as long as they need a person to operate the crane for the job. And then once that's done, they move you over, somebody hires you on another job site. Like, you are untouchable as far as, like, the job site's concerned. Yeah. And in the interview, their first question is, how much fiber do you include in your diet? SPEAKER_18: So then there's a lift director that's somebody who basically manages the lifting that goes on. SPEAKER_25: If it's a heavy load or any kind of unique or dangerous load, they're supposed to formulate a plan for it, of how it's going to be lifted, where it's going to go, what direction it's going to follow, all that stuff. And they essentially are just kind of running the show on the ground. I believe they're usually the one. No, I was going to say they're the one that the crane operator's probably in touch with, but I believe that's the signal person instead. That's right. SPEAKER_18: And the signal person is doing just what you think. They're on the radio in constant communication, but they're also doing hand signals, not just on that CB radio or whatever they use, walkie-talkies. SPEAKER_18: And there are times when that crane operator is working blind and they don't have sight of what they're doing, and that's when that signal person and really everyone working together is so key. Yeah, that's the person who communicates to the crane operator that the people on the ground want them to toot their horn. SPEAKER_25: And they use that same pull-down motion that you use for big rig truckers. Right, or it gets the message that I have to go potty, so let's shut everything down for 40 minutes. SPEAKER_25: That's the international squeeze your knees together and hold your crotch signal. Did you go over there rigger? SPEAKER_18: No. SPEAKER_25: Okay, now that is the person who is preparing the load, attaching it to the crane hook. SPEAKER_18: Obviously, that load on the ground, it's not just like, you know, just attach it there and I'm sure it's fine. Like, everything has to be so buttoned up, like nothing can be loose or falling off of that thing. Like, it's got to be a very nicely wrapped Christmas present. Yes. SPEAKER_25: So, depending on where you're working, there are 16 states and seven cities that require you to have a license. SPEAKER_25: That's it. Everywhere else, the state or the city does not require you to have any sort of formal training whatsoever. The thing is, the NCCCO offers certification too, which is usually voluntary, but I get the impression that if you want to be one of those higher-end crane operators, you would be certified for that job multiple times over. And not only just to kind of enhance your desirability as an employee, but also, wow, I put that as like the HR person to end all HR people. SPEAKER_25: But also, like some job sites might require you to have at least a certification if not a license. And it might not even be the job site, it might be their insurers. Like, nobody's going to be like, hey, you, come over here and operate this crane. Like, you're going to have to have tons of experience and probably some sort of paperwork to back that experience up. But I find it shocking and alarming that plenty of states don't require the person who's 400 feet in the air lifting 200 tons to have some sort of formal training for that. Totally. It shocked me as well. SPEAKER_18: Yeah. SPEAKER_18: These things are expensive to rent. Obviously, it costs a lot of money to build one, but they get that money back because Dave just looked up just sort of an average rental, a flat-top tower crane within just an 88,000-pound capacity lift, which is, I don't know how many Volvos that is, but it's nowhere close to what I said earlier. It's 44 tons. SPEAKER_25: A 262-foot jib arm, so about, you know, a little more than half of sort of the maximum. That sucker is $35,000 a month. SPEAKER_25: Yeah. SPEAKER_18: The cheapest is $3,600, and that's for the one you bring on the truck. Yeah, and a lot of those rental prices will include putting the thing together over the course of four or five days and taking it down, too, and maybe even a skilled crane operator, depending. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, absolutely. SPEAKER_18: So you can imagine that these things are actually fairly dangerous. SPEAKER_25: Safety is far and away like the number one concern for any crane operator. Every single interview I've read with a crane operator, they all were like, it's all about safety, essentially. Like, yes, you're really important on the job site, but if it's not safe, you don't do it. Like, you just don't. I mean, you're lifting heavy loads. You're swinging them through the air. You can drop them. There's all sorts of stuff that can happen. Wind. And, yes, wind is a big one, as we'll see, but they've kind of figured that out. But just the fact that you have these huge loads high up in the air when they get dropped or when something goes wrong, people can die. And, I mean, it does happen. I remember this past July in Manhattan, the entire jib arm of a crane fell down. I think, I don't remember how many stories, but it was significant. Actually, I think it did kill one person who was in a nearby apartment building. Like, some of the debris, like, crashed through their window and killed them, I think. But they were the only person who died out of this 16-ton load in a jib arm crashing to the ground in Manhattan in the middle of a day. That one caught on fire, didn't it? SPEAKER_18: Yeah, there was a fire in the hoist unit for some reason. I couldn't figure out what caused it. SPEAKER_18: That's a lot that no one was killed. I mean, I remember when that happened, too, and I was just like, how can that happen in New York City and not kill, like, 12 people below at least, you know? Yeah. Apparently, another real danger, Chuck, is hitting power lines. SPEAKER_25: Because people will walk, like, they'll walk like a load, you know, along to stabilize it, say, like a bunch of pipes. SPEAKER_25: And that pipe is connected via metal cable to the crane. And if the crane comes in contact with a 13,000-volt power line, whoever's got their hand on that load of pipes will be electrocuted. And it happens, like, a lot. Like, not a lot. It happens frequently to an alarming degree. How about that? SPEAKER_25: Well, Dave found some stats. And what he got was from 2011 to 2017, over that seven years. SPEAKER_18: They averaged 42 crane-related deaths per year. SPEAKER_18: That's not insignificant, you know, 42 per year. And I think half of those were things falling on people. Not all of them were tower cranes. It's kind of all cranes basically lumped together. But, yeah, sometimes they're taking it apart and it falls apart on them. SPEAKER_18: It seems like there's a lot of crushing death, which is just, you know, unfathomable. Yeah, people have gotten caught in the climbing cage, caught between that and the frame of the mast. SPEAKER_25: There was one guy who was taking apart a crane and he was on the 45th story. And that platform that he was on outside the crane, removing pins, didn't have a railing. It didn't have a railing. And it shifted and he fell 45 stories because it didn't have a railing. Wow. I just couldn't believe it when I read like the OSHA report. I'm just like, oh my God, that's insanely nuts. But, yeah, so safety is extraordinarily important, you can see. And I said, I teased something, Chuck, that I think you should take us home with, that they figured out what to do in high winds. Yeah, you know what you do in high winds is you unbolt that thing and let it spin with the wind. SPEAKER_18: Obviously, you've got the reel all the way reeled in and it's not like swinging anything around. But if you see in heavy winds a horizontal arm moving, that's what it's supposed to do. Because they have learned that if that thing is bolted down, that puts the entire thing at risk. Whereas if you just let it move with the wind and obviously out of the way of hitting anything, then that's the way to go. SPEAKER_25: Yeah, and I read an interview with a crane operator who had to ride out a storm once because it was too dangerous to make the 10-minute climb down. So he had to sit there in the cab and just get pushed around by the wind, letting it a weather vane. And I'm not even going to make a poop joke there. SPEAKER_18: You got anything else? SPEAKER_25: I got nothing else. This was robust. Thanks for doing it with me. This was fun. Thanks for being the top or the bottom to this crane episode, Chuck. SPEAKER_18: Hey, anytime. SPEAKER_25: If you want to know more about cranes, apparently there's a House of Works article on it by Marshall Brain. And there's plenty of other interesting stuff too, including really mesmerizing CGI videos of cranes building themselves magically. And since I said that, it's time for listener mail. SPEAKER_18: Alright, I'm going to call this... I'm going to call it scuba related. This is kind of a very poignant email. Hey guys, been listening for a long time. I learned to scuba dive with my brother and dad when I was 14 back in 1989. The moment we took our first breaths underwater, we were hooked. Aside from a long hiatus, I've been an avid diver ever since. Many of my best memories were created on dive trips with my brother and dad. Tragically, we lost my brother to suicide last year after a decades long battle with mental illness. SPEAKER_18: And I just wanted to take a moment to commend you and your team for your sympathy and dexterity with which you handle mental illness on your show. Know that the lengths in which you go to assure you are using the most compassionate language to discuss mental illness and other touchy subjects does not go unnoticed and is greatly appreciated. But to be clear, so are the moments you choose to eschew the acceptable standards for a moment to make a joke. Chuck, this is for you. By all means, please get scuba certified with your daughter and your wife if she's interested. I have so many crystal clear fantastic memories with my dad and my brother diving. You can't make a child's life any more awesome than by taking them to visit another planet. Lifetime memories are made by the moment. It's a magical pursuit. Do it. My brother used to say diving is easy to do and difficult to master. So true. He was my friend, my dive buddy, and my hero. And I miss him like crazy. He sure would have loved the scuba episode. And that is from Dan. Man, Dan, thank you for writing in about that. That was really amazing stuff. I'm sorry about your brother. SPEAKER_25: Same. If you want to be like Dan and write us just a masterful, amazing, heartfelt email, we'd love those things. You can address it directly to us at stuffpodcasts at iHeartRadio.com. SPEAKER_23: A group of high school students started a project to research a string of unsolved murders. There is no profile of this killer except for the ones the students created. SPEAKER_03: What if this guy's still alive? Like what if he comes after us? SPEAKER_24: Once you start getting a few tips or a few leads or a few identifications, then the cold case isn't so cold anymore. SPEAKER_02: SPEAKER_08: This is Murder 101. Listen to Murder 101 on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_10: Discover the heartwarming and hilarious world of sibling connections on Sibling Revelry with Kate Hudson and Oliver Hudson. Dive into family tales, explore the human mind and laugh with guests like Joel and Benji Madden. It's more than a podcast. It's a celebration of the ties that bind us. And it's fun because we've decided to open it up to really like all kinds of different siblings, and it's going to be an awesome season. SPEAKER_13: Listen to Sibling Revelry with Kate Hudson and Oliver Hudson on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. SPEAKER_10: Hi, this is Shannon Doherty, host of the new podcast, Let's Be Clear with Shannon Doherty. SPEAKER_21: So in this podcast, I'm going to be talking about marriage, divorce, my family, my career. I'm also going to be talking a lot about cancer, the ups and the downs, everything that I have learned from it. It's going to be a wild ride. So listen to Let's Be Clear with Shannon Doherty on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to podcasts. The celebrity memoir holds up a mirror to society. SPEAKER_09: That's why we started our podcast, Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily. SPEAKER_15: Where we read celebrity memoirs, SPEAKER_09: Total guilty pleasures, SPEAKER_09: And then synthesize probing cultural analyses from the text, from Jessica Simpson to historical figures like Helen Keller. Isn't that a delicious mix of highbrow and low? SPEAKER_14: It certainly is. Listen to Celebrity Book Club with Stephen and Lily on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.