SPEAKER_04: When you think about the future, what kind of technology do you envision?Whatever the future holds, artificial intelligence will undoubtedly be at the heart of it all.Join Graham Class as he hosts Season 2 of Technically Speaking, an Intel podcast, and hear from the minds transforming healthcare, retail, entertainment, personal computing, and more with the help of AI. Tune in every other Tuesday and explore the latest technology that's changing our world today and creating a more accessible tomorrow.Listen to Technically Speaking, an Intel podcast on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
SPEAKER_09: Brought to you by the Capital One Venture X Card.Earn unlimited 2X miles on everything you buy and turn everyday purchases into extraordinary trips.Plus, receive premium travel benefits like access to over 1,300 airport lounges and a $300 annual credit for bookings through Capital One Travel.Unlock a whole new world of travel with the Capital One Venture X Card.What's in your wallet?Terms apply.Lounge access is subject to change.See CapitalOne.com for details. Hey everyone, it's Josh here, and for this week's Select, I've chosen our July 2019 episode on the MOVE bombing.It's a very disturbing little-known event in American history when the Philadelphia Police Department dropped a firebomb onto a row home where a radical group was holed up, about half of whom were children.
It ended, as anyone would expect, in terrible tragedy.I hope you get a lot out of this episode.
SPEAKER_00: Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.
SPEAKER_09: Hey, and welcome to the podcast.I'm Josh.There's Chuck.There's Josh.Gotta get used to this, Chuck.We will eventually.It's the new normal.Yep.And this is Stuff You Should Know, the I Can't Believe This Happened edition.One of many.
One of many.
SPEAKER_06: One of many.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: This sparked off a lot of ideas, too.
SPEAKER_09: Oh, yeah?Yeah.Like how the Phillies work?No.What's up with the Philly fanatic?That's the green one, right?Yeah.That's a great character.Sure.So...
Let's dispense with all that, okay?
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, this is going to be a long one, so let's just jump in.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.So back in 1985 in May, Philadelphia Police Department became the first and to this point only police department to drop a bomb on American soil.No police department has ever bombed anything in the history of America, but they did.And they happened to bomb a house that was occupied at the time with 13 people, seven of which were children.And the people in this house were members of an organization called MOVE, M-O-V-E, all caps, but it's not an acronym.And they did this because MOVE had made themselves quite a nuisance in the neighborhood, to say the least.And there was basically, by this time in May 1985, a bitter feud between MOVE and the Philadelphia Police Department.And on May 13th, it came to a fiery and tragic end.
SPEAKER_06: That's a nice setup.Thank you.We should have music playing or something.
SPEAKER_09: Hopefully Josh will do that because God knows Jerry is not going to.She's not anywhere, anywhere knows where she is.
SPEAKER_06: So you want to go back in time and talk a little bit about Move and their origins and then go forward in time?I would like to.Isn't that what you said?Okay. so move is still around yeah um at times over the years they've been called a cult uh they've been called a black liberation movement back to earth a terrorist group animal rights group there are all these things uh to a certain degree here and there um although the the leader one mr vincent leppard who Everyone, by the way, if you hear us say the name so-and-so Africa, once you become a member of MOVE, you take on the last name of Africa.Right.Which even though they weren't strictly a group for African-Americans, they had white people early on.
SPEAKER_09: And Puerto Ricans, too.
SPEAKER_06: They definitely kind of got that rap a little bit more because of the black power movement and the fact that the leader was black. changed his name to Africa and asked everyone else to change their last name to Africa.Although not legally, I don't think.
SPEAKER_09: No, no.But ultimately it was, well, they wouldn't have done it legally because that's part of the system.
SPEAKER_06: That's right.
SPEAKER_09: And the system was one of the things they railed against.There were basically two prongs to John Africa's philosophy.One was that basically all life is important and equally important.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: So there was a lot of animal rights stuff.There was a lot of not eating meat, ostensibly.
SPEAKER_06: Oh, was there vegetarianism in there?
SPEAKER_09: There was, although they weren't strict vegetarians.No, they ate meat.But yes.But there was animal rights and protection in the sanctity of life. And then the second was that the system, as they called it, was inherently flawed because everything that was created by humans was flawed and therefore not only should not be used, but the whole system should be taken down and replaced with a much more natural animalistic philosophy and way of life.Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, so that includes electricity.That includes, like, cooking meat.Like, these kids ate raw chicken, believe it or not.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, the kids who were raised in the move movement.
SPEAKER_06: And this is... This story would make a lot more sense if this was on like some deserted island and someone was moving there to start this utopian society on an island.This is a very interesting story in that it happened in a densely populated area of row houses in West Philadelphia.
SPEAKER_09: Born and raised.Not where you would – I can't not think of that whenever I hear West Philadelphia.
SPEAKER_06: I thought of it too.It's when you go back and look at the footage, and by the way, there's a great documentary called Let It Burn, Let the Fire Burn, that you should pay for online.I did.That's good.On Amazon Prime.Well, I'm a Prime member, so...
SPEAKER_09: So am I. Still had to pay to rent it, though, because Amazon's part of the system.
SPEAKER_06: That's right.Where was I going?
SPEAKER_09: You were saying that it would make more sense on a deserted island than it would in a densely populated neighborhood in Philadelphia.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, so when you're watching this documentary and there's so much footage, it's crazy to see this house, this row house, set up with – You know, farm animals at times in the front yard, heavily fenced in.Fortified like a fortress?Yeah, sometimes people standing outside with guns, even though, as we'll see later, these guns were later found out to be not capable of firing bullets, which means, well, I guess it's still a gun, but it means it's not a weapon.It's a club.Yeah, sort of. But at the very least, it's an odd setting for this story.
SPEAKER_09: It is, and when you watch that documentary, that house sticks out like a sore thumb.
SPEAKER_06: They had Amish people probably an hour and a half away from this doing the same thing out in the middle of the country.Not the exact same thing, but you know what I'm saying.
SPEAKER_09: But you can't get a good cheesesteak in Amish country.
SPEAKER_06: Much less a good raw one.
SPEAKER_09: You can get good stick candy because they know what they're doing with that stuff.
SPEAKER_06: Nice furniture.
SPEAKER_09: Butter.
SPEAKER_06: Sure.
SPEAKER_09: What was it, Rumspringa, where they get to go crazy or whatever and see if they want to live the Amish life?I think that was it.That was a good one.That was a long time ago.
SPEAKER_06: But anyway, it's a very interesting setting for this story.It got caught up in or maybe unfairly pegged as black liberation, like I said, but sort of because of the time.
SPEAKER_08: Mm-hmm.
SPEAKER_06: in which it happened, which was in the 70s and early 80s when the Black Panther Party was in power.There was a former Black Panther that later would join the MOVE movement.
SPEAKER_09: Yes, but from what I saw in that documentary, that person was interviewed, and he makes it sound like rather than bringing the Black Panther ideas to moves, he took on moves ideals rather than discarded the Black Panthers ideals.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, I think he was disillusioned with the Black Panthers because of the violence.And it should be pointed out that Africa's whole thing was – His whole thing was nonviolence, but it wasn't like that was at the forefront of his everyday talkings because they very aggressively and very obscenely blasted their message through these loudspeakers attached to this row house, which was a real problem in this neighborhood for everyone, this black neighborhood.They didn't want him there either. No, that's... Don't drop a bonham on them.Right.Which is what one of them being interviewed very clearly was like, we didn't want this to happen, but, you know, they were a threat to our well-being here in the neighborhood.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, and they were also deliberately provocative.They purposefully made a nuisance out of themselves because part of MOVE's philosophy was waking everybody else up and doing it in a really aggressive, hostile, threatening way.Supposedly, some neighbors reported that they were directly threatened by this group, which is a big problem, too.I mean, that's definitely a couple steps up from agitating or aggravating people.Threatening them is different.
SPEAKER_06: Sure, but at the very least, you know, imagine being a neighbor who has lived in this house for 20 years, and all of a sudden there's this organization living there, and at 3 in the morning, it's just blasting out, you know, these MFers that are in charge are effing this and effing that.And, like, I felt sorry for these citizens.Oh, yes.You know, there's a lot of empathy, like, to be dispersed among many parts of this story.
SPEAKER_09: Yes, but the story also – basically this story has two types of people in it, villains and innocents.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, sure.
SPEAKER_09: That's virtually – there's one hero that you can point to, and he doesn't even appear in this article.He was in the documentary, which we'll talk about him for a minute later.But it's mostly – Just people – the adults acting badly.Yeah.And the children or the people in the neighborhood who are innocent bystanders or pawns in this whole thing.
SPEAKER_06: Victims.Yeah.For sure.
SPEAKER_09: For sure.Because when you're talking about like blaring your philosophy in a very hostile, foul-mouthed way, if you see the pictures of the house – Like those loudspeakers that they have at like stock car races or whatever.That's what they had posted out on the house.It wasn't just some guy with a bullhorn or like that walkie-talkie thing that Homer Simpson had at the yard sale episode.
SPEAKER_06: Now, you can hear this along the whole block.Right.In every direction.
SPEAKER_09: Yes.And if you were anywhere near them, if your house was next door or even a couple doors down, you heard them night and day.And that was a real problem.Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, so we should back up a little bit and give a little bit of the background here.Before the 1980s happened and they moved into the second house on Osage Avenue, 6221, they lived at a different house in the late 70s.And there was a different mayor in Philadelphia at this time, Mayor Rizzo. who was a... Scumbag.Tough-talking, like... Scumbag.Yeah.He was a scumbag.
SPEAKER_09: I'm just going to say it.I saw archival footage of the man, and he was a strongman scumbag.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, he was one of these guys, you know, and we'll see what happened here.He was not in charge anymore, but it was remnants from that attitude, basically. that he laid down in the city which is like he was in charge in 78 though oh yeah yeah i'm talking about the the bombing um so in 78 there was a standoff with the police uh we had talked about the guns earlier it was later found out that these guns weren't capable of firing they didn't know that at the time but at the very least uh the cops over acted or overreacted at the uh at the declaration of Mayor Rizzo, and there was a shooting.There was an officer that was shot and killed, and it was just a really bad scene.
SPEAKER_09: So even just a little bit before that, too, there was a confrontation between MOVE and the Philadelphia police where one of the MOVE members' babies, like a two-month-old, died, and the MOVE members said the cops did this, like this baby died from this confrontation with the police.So, like, that kicks that off.The police eventually raid the MOVE house in 1978, and one of the officers gets shot and killed in this raid, and so you've got some real bad blood brewing between these two groups.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, and during that raid, Delbert Africa, one of the members was – and you can see footage of this.It was all captured on camera.Just beaten on the street while laying on the sidewalk by these cops.While he was surrendering.Yeah, so to say that there was bad blood is sort of an understatement.It was – You had on one side what you could at least define as a public nuisance in this neighborhood.You had on this other side this zealous mayor who just wanted to get rid of them, period.
SPEAKER_08: Right.
SPEAKER_06: Not like, let's meet and let's talk.Let's see if we can all work together.They were 100,000 percent at odds with one another.Right.
SPEAKER_09: So the police officer that died, the MOVE side said we didn't shoot that guy.It was friendly fire that got him.
SPEAKER_05: Right.
SPEAKER_09: The Philadelphia Police Department didn't agree with that story.And so on like a personal level, like not just an organizational level, but to a cop, the cops hated MOVE. And these people just continued on in Philadelphia and actually stepped up there making themselves a public nuisance because nine of their members were arrested for the murder of that police officer.
SPEAKER_06: And convicted.
SPEAKER_09: Yes, and sent to jail for decades.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, 30 to 100 years is what they're each sentenced for.We'll talk about what happened to them toward the end.
SPEAKER_09: So just to kind of like just paint this one last stroke on this picture we're painting here.The cops had a vendetta against MOVE because one of their own was killed during the siege.And MOVE had a vendetta against the cops because nine of their people were put in jail, one of them was beaten, and a baby had died on their side.
SPEAKER_06: Okay?Yeah. All right, let's take a break, and we'll come back right after this and talk more about what happened in 1985.
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SPEAKER_06: All right, so whether or not this was a cult is, some people debate that.John Africa is very much on record saying it's an organization.Is that relevant?I don't think so.
SPEAKER_09: I don't either.
SPEAKER_06: I think it's just an attempt to discredit them.Oh, to call them a cult?Uh-huh.Yeah, I don't know.I think it's all worth talking about, though.
SPEAKER_09: Oh, yeah, yeah.I'm not like criticizing you or anything like that.I'm just saying like when people toss it around like, oh, they were a cult.Yeah, there were some like characteristics that you could say, well, it's kind of cult-like or whatever.
SPEAKER_06: Let's put it this way.If it was on a deserted island, then I think people would have straight up called them a cult.The fact that it was in a neighborhood in West Philadelphia made it seem a lot less so.I hear you.But if he was like, come here and live on this island with me, then – it would have straight up been called a cult.
SPEAKER_09: Let me rephrase what I was saying.I don't dispute that they may have been a cult.But again, it's that, well, does that mean that they should have had a bomb dropped on them?
SPEAKER_06: I don't think anyone thinks that.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.
SPEAKER_06: So... Like I said, there were kids there that were forced to eat raw fish, raw chicken.The adults could cook their meat, which was there was definitely some double standards going on there.Their rationale was that our bodies are used to this, but we want to raise you pure from the start.So you're only going to eat raw foods.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, they had a lot of exceptions, not just that.Like the anti-technology thing where they had like a wood-burning stove for heat and that was it.Right.No, they used candles instead of light bulbs, that kind of stuff.But they also had phones and they drove cars.Right.So there was a lot of weird exceptions and loopholes and holes in general in John Africa's guidelines, as he called them.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, as for one of the more, well, the only child that survived this experience, Birdie Africa, Michael Ward, he said in 1995, I'm still afraid of them, of MOVE, some of the things that went on there I can't get out of my head.Bad things I haven't told anyone except for my father, but I'll tell you this, I didn't like being there.They said it was a family, but a family isn't something... where you're forced to stay and you don't want to.
SPEAKER_09: Right.
SPEAKER_06: And his contention was that the kids were always trying to get out of there and run away.
SPEAKER_09: They were just too little to know how.
SPEAKER_06: Too little and, you know, naked.
SPEAKER_09: They were naked.They were malnourished.Yeah.They were, like, the only toys they had, they had to hide because they weren't supposed to have them because it's technology and human-made.
SPEAKER_06: It was unsanitary.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah.There was, you know, part of what MOVE was into was growing their own food.So they would compost... like in the alley behind the house or on the roof or something like that.They built an animal shelter in the alley.So there was a lot of really like not okay conditions to raise kids in, let alone like adults to live in.But raising children, there were some really bad decisions and choices or bad outcomes from some of John Africa's philosophy.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, it's weird because it's like at the heart of this, it's this back to nature movement.
SPEAKER_09: You want them to be on a deserted island so bad.
SPEAKER_06: Not even a deserted island.There's countryside not too far outside of Philadelphia.It is a little weird.It's very strange because on one hand I'm like, yeah, this animal rights group and they're back to nature and they're eschewing the things of man, but they're doing it in the most aggressive, antagonistic way possible in the middle of a city.It's like I didn't know what to think about any of this except obviously you don't go in there and firebomb the place.
SPEAKER_09: Right.
SPEAKER_06: That's like the one thing I was clear on.Right.You don't start a war in the middle of a neighborhood.
SPEAKER_09: Right.It's true.
SPEAKER_06: Which is what happened basically.The neighbors wanted to move out.They filed a bunch of complaints over the years to get them shut down.And the city – Didn't really know what to do at this point.At this point, there was a different mayor, Mayor Good.So this was the first black mayor of Philadelphia.
SPEAKER_09: Who actually was elected on this reform ticket, basically, to get rid of Rizzo, get rid of the corruption, the racism that Rizzo and his administration had fostered.Because he was police chief first and then became mayor.
SPEAKER_06: Who, Good was or Rizzo?
SPEAKER_09: No, Rizzo.Sure. And he basically, after that 1978 raid, there's footage of him just basically hopped up and boasting about how militarized the Chicago PD was now.Oh, yeah.And how like they could, I think he actually said.
SPEAKER_06: He said we're ready for war.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, we could go down to Cuba and take them if we wanted to right now.Just really, like, boasting about this.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Not like, oh, man, you know, this is a tragedy or whatever.Right.However you want to say it.Like, he was boasting, like, come on, who's next kind of thing.And this was the mayor at the time.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: So Wilson Goode comes along and is like, not that.We're going to take a different tact here and try to promote more unity.And he was actually pretty successful in a lot of ways in that respect.As far as the city officials go, I really kind of like Mayor Goode because he took responsibility for it.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Even stuff he didn't do, just because he was the mayor, he put himself in as accountable.Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: All right, so should we fast forward?Yes.The stage is set.We know what happened in the 70s.We know the relationship between this neighborhood with this group, this group with this city, and the cops.And so... They decide that they are going to extract every person from that house.That was the plan, is we are going to remove the MOVE organization from the house on Osage Avenue.In this article, it says they didn't have a plan.That's not true.
They had a plan that just was not executed well and went really pear-shaped really fast, and then they didn't have a plan.But the original plan was to – they had built – the MOVE organization had built this – pretty fortified bunker on top of their building.
SPEAKER_07: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: As far as homemade bunkers go.Yeah.Not bad, which gave them a supreme tactical advantage.If you know anything about war, you know, higher ground is always going to win out.
SPEAKER_09: Sure.Or if you've ever designed a castle or something, you know.Sure.Castle designers.Right.They know.
SPEAKER_06: War mongers.So the idea was to create a diversion on the roof in which time police officers or SWAT and everybody would – would go inside and forcibly remove people by any means necessary in Mayor Good's words.
SPEAKER_09: But the first part of that was water cannons and tear gas.
SPEAKER_05: You're right.
SPEAKER_09: And they were very surprised when these water cannons that were just – I think they shot like 1,000 gallons a second or some crazy amount of water –
SPEAKER_06: They just left them on.
SPEAKER_09: Yes, two of them.Yeah.And they fully expected to basically take most of this house down.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Like it was a brick row home, but they expected to take the non-brick parts off, including that structure on top, that lookout.And they were very, very surprised when two things didn't happen.When that structure didn't come down, despite the water cannons being directed at it for hours – And the people not coming out despite tear gas being shot into the house.
SPEAKER_05: Right.
SPEAKER_09: And that is, like you said earlier, when their plan went to the— Birds?Yeah.Toilet?Sure.Went down the toilet, and they said, well, what do we do now?Yeah.Like our whole plan doesn't work.I've got an idea.Let's start shooting at the house instead.Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, so what they didn't know this whole time was that they were all hiding in a basement garage.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: So all of this water raining down on the roof wasn't... I probably wasn't even getting to them.Probably not.Or maybe it's not like... It's not like they were up to their necks in water in the basement and, like, drowning or anything like that.
SPEAKER_09: No, but they later said that the tear gas was everywhere.Sure.But apparently it wasn't potent enough.Yeah.Maybe they used expired stuff.We should step it back one step, Chuck.Before this raid actually started, they went house to house to the neighbors and said, you guys grab all your clothes.
SPEAKER_06: That's huge.
SPEAKER_09: We need you gone for 24 hours because we're about to do what you guys have wanted us to do for years.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: We're going to do it.So you need to get out of here.They towed trucks from Osage Avenue.
SPEAKER_06: They towed every car.They had the gas shut off, the electricity shut off.It was a siege.Yeah, they basically tried to just vacate the block.Yeah, and they did.Yeah, and they did.I mean, I think some people stayed when they shouldn't have, but it's like with any evacuation.They got as many people out of there as possible.They're like, you'll be back in your house tomorrow.
SPEAKER_09: Okay, so the whole block in like a couple of blocks, a couple of streets on either side are cleared.Yeah.The water's been used.It's not working.The tear gas is not working.So supposedly the first shots came from the house.Right.But everybody, all witnesses, cops, firefighters, news people, say that the first shots were automatic fire.
SPEAKER_05: Right.
SPEAKER_09: It's been...
SPEAKER_06: conclusively proven that no one in the move house had an automatic weapon so if the first shots were automatic then that means the cops fired first and that's right what people seem to believe is that the cops started this yeah and a lot of this documentary it's uh really compelling because it's footage from the commission afterward and you get like the real deal testimony first person testimony from all the major players including uh the police chief what was his name
SPEAKER_09: Gregory Sambor.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, Sambor.He identified it as automatic, like his sworn testimony said it was automatic weapons.And they're like, well, how do you know?And he's like, I know what an automatic weapon sounds like.
SPEAKER_09: Right, and they're like, well, what move didn't have automatic weapons?He's like, I don't know about that.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, he's like, I don't know how to explain that then.But they fired first.Right.He just kind of stuck to his guns.Right.Every single time.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, he was a piece of work himself.He was definitely cut from the same cloth as Mayor Rizzo.
SPEAKER_06: I think so.Yeah.So they decide to start shooting at this point because regardless of who shot first, it becomes like Vietnam on the city block all of a sudden.And it's not like, I mean, they cleared it out.But when you see this news footage, I mean, there's people everywhere.Sure.Watching their news cameras and anchors everywhere on the streets like, oh, like we should get behind the car now because it's raining bullets everywhere.Yeah. It's just freaky to see this happening on like a city block in the United States.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, the cops.
SPEAKER_06: In the 80s.
SPEAKER_09: The cops later on estimated that they fired about 10,000 rounds.
SPEAKER_06: They ran out of bullets.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, they had to bring in more.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, that was a great part.Because they ran out of bullets.Yeah.This car pulls up and they're like, a car, a police car has just rushed into the scene.And it's like from a movie, the trunk pops and it's just full of bullets.
SPEAKER_09: Yep.Just for, because they ran out of bullets.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: So they kept shooting at this house.And here's the thing, like... Bear in mind, they're shooting 10,000 rounds of ammunition at a house occupied by 13 people, seven of which are children.Everyone knows.
SPEAKER_06: Oh, yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Everyone knows that there were seven children in that house.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, it's not like the cops were unaware.No.No.
SPEAKER_09: Everyone knew that there were children in this house.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, for sure.
SPEAKER_09: It was part of the concern of the neighbors that there were children being raised in this house.And the cops acted on the information from confidential informants who fully informed them that there were children in this house.So that's step one.They fired 10,000 rounds at a house where they knew that there were seven children.
SPEAKER_06: All right, so nothing is changing, though.They're still not bringing people out of this house.
SPEAKER_09: I'll bet they were like, I can't believe this.And that structure was still intact on top.
SPEAKER_06: I'm surprised they didn't think they were dead.Yeah.I would have thought at some point they would have been like, well, I'm sure we probably killed everyone.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: Let's just go in there.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, I wonder because if they were all crowded down in the basement garage, they couldn't have been firing back after a certain point in time.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, I'm not sure.I mean, they said part of the problem was the tear gas.Right.So they couldn't send cops in there because it was flooded with tear gas.Yeah.And then I think they said the – well, no, this comes later, the steam.
SPEAKER_09: Right.
SPEAKER_06: So put a pin in the steam.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.
SPEAKER_06: So at some point, someone on the bomb squad apparently says to the police chief or gets to the police chief, Hey, he was really, you know, the chief was really worried about that bunker and that tactical advantage.So someone from the bomb squad said, why don't we drop a bomb on the roof and get rid of that bunker?
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, an officer named William Klein suggested that.
SPEAKER_06: And they said, okay, let's do that.
SPEAKER_09: Good idea, Klein.
SPEAKER_06: What do we need?A helicopter and a bomb.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: They're like, well, we've got both.
SPEAKER_09: So even as late as the inquiry that they held, they characterized it as a Tovex bomb.And Tovex is a water-based gelatinous explosive. that is used, I think, in mining and demolition and stuff like that.
SPEAKER_06: But it can be purchased.
SPEAKER_09: Yes.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: It later came out that in addition to the Tovex, the bomb disposal guy made a bomb with C4, plastique explosives, which is not commercially available, which means that we'll see later the Philadelphia Police Department should not have had this stuff.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, I mean, we should just go ahead and say how they got it.Why not?
SPEAKER_09: Well, I was trying to save it with a little flair for the dramatic, but you go ahead.
SPEAKER_06: Well, the FBI gave it to them.Secretly?Yeah, the FBI had been giving little bits of C4 here and there to police departments, apparently to blow doors off of stuff.To train bomb-sniffing dogs?Yeah, teach them how to use it.But then the FBI used that excuse for a little while, then later came out and said, no, we actually brought them a bunch of C4.
SPEAKER_09: like 30 blocks of C4 in January, a few months before this raid, this siege, but still during the time when the move people were being negotiated with to leave on their own.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, because that was happening this whole time.They would have community leaders on the bullhorn trying to talk them into coming out.They did not have a professional negotiator on the scene.
SPEAKER_09: No.
SPEAKER_06: That's a huge red flag.Yeah, that they never meant for anyone to come out.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: But at any rate, they drop a bomb, a – I think it was a – they said a four-pound bomb from a satchel with a 45-second fuse.This is all on camera.Like you literally in this documentary see the helicopter fly over, drop the satchel out of it.And go – Yeah, fly.I love that you did a running motion.Yeah.You know, when helicopters run.Sure. And they flew out of there, and kaboom.In West Philadelphia, a bomb explodes on top of a building, and a smallish fire starts.
This is at what time?
SPEAKER_09: That was at like 5 that they dropped the bomb, 510, I think.
SPEAKER_06: All right.
SPEAKER_09: And the smallish fire, it took a couple minutes for it to become apparent that it had caught fire.But supposedly there was gasoline in the... What are we calling that thing?The bunker.The bunker.Yeah.There's supposedly gasoline in the bunker.But I really... Like... The police dropped a bomb on a building that they knew that people were in, seven of which were children, okay?And supposedly the reason that they did this was to get rid of that bunker.Like, that bunker, the police chief did not like that bunker standing still and wanted to get rid of it.
The bomb didn't do anything to the bunker.That was a strong bunker.
SPEAKER_06: It was.The timeline's important.So at 527 is when they dropped the bomb.At 545... Someone asked the fire department if they should turn on the – they've been deluging this thing with water all day long until there's a fire, and then they turn it off.
SPEAKER_08: Right.
SPEAKER_06: Which was – it's not ironic because it was very purposeful, but it definitely stings more.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: So they said not to turn them on.By 6 o'clock, so this is 33 minutes later, Mayor Good is watching this on TV in his office.He phones it in and says, you know, let's put this fire out now.
SPEAKER_09: He ordered the fire to be put out.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, 33 minutes later.Yeah.And this is where it gets a little hinky because this was given to Police Chief Sambor and – Under testimony, Sambor says that he relayed that to the fire chief.
SPEAKER_09: He said that the fire chief was there.He did not say he relayed it to the fire chief.
SPEAKER_06: Well, yeah.I mean, he got very dodgy with how he worded it.Very.But the fire chief basically on testimony said, that's what he said?And he's like, I categorically deny that I ever got an order to start those water cannons.
SPEAKER_09: Or that he was even aware that Goode made that call, that phone call, or called the order.So basically, the fire chief said... The buck stopped with Sambor, and Sambor, the police chief, decided to let that fire burn.
SPEAKER_06: That's right.Because he thought, not defending him, but he thought the fire would then take down the bunker and remove that advantage.Other people contend, and they ask him in the deposition or in the hearing, no, you've kind of really wanted to use the fire as a weapon.
SPEAKER_09: He got real salty about that.
SPEAKER_06: He did.Yeah. He said a fire can't be a weapon, basically.
SPEAKER_09: And no one said, what about flamethrowers?He goes, I hadn't thought about flamethrowers, but still.
SPEAKER_06: All right, so this is 630.Flames are... It is clearly out of hand.They waited way too long.
SPEAKER_09: That was the thing that got me was... It was obvious from what Sambor was saying.If the documentary is accurate, from what Sambor was saying, when he was saying, no, we need to let the bunker burn still, by this time the entire top floor was a conflagration.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, I mean, it's on the news.
SPEAKER_09: So that whole thing doesn't hold water at all, and it would lend support to the idea that he was using it as a weapon to burn the people out.
SPEAKER_06: I'm sure he was.I'm sure he thought tear gas didn't work.Maybe this fire will work.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.
SPEAKER_06: And drive these people out of there.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.
SPEAKER_06: All right.Should we take a break or should we wait?
SPEAKER_09: No, let's take a break.
SPEAKER_06: Okay.We'll take a break and we'll tell you what happens next.
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SPEAKER_09: Okay, Chuck, so for a little bit, the fire department sprays some of the houses next to the move house but doesn't put the fire out or spray the fire on the move house.So in the abandoned houses, they're spraying down to try to contain the fire.And the one house in this whole square block area where they know people are, including seven children, they didn't spray.Later on, they will defend this by saying, well, in that 1978 siege, move fired on the firefighters and apparently shot and injured several firefighters. So we were worried for the firefighters to be picked off fighting this fire in this siege as well.
SPEAKER_05: Right.
SPEAKER_09: Ramona Africa, who would be the one adult from MOVE to survive this siege, would say, well, like you said earlier, they weren't scared to hit us with these water cannons the whole time there wasn't a fire.
SPEAKER_05: Right.
SPEAKER_09: But then there is a fire, and now they're scared we're going to pick them off.That doesn't make any sense.It's just BS.Right.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, and also I'm glad you brought that up because it said to put a pin in the steam.This is when the steam happened because they're blowing water on this fire now and it's creating all this steam that they said didn't allow anyone to move in as well.Okay.Because they couldn't see anything.There was no visibility.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.So despite spraying down the houses around this fire.Yeah. It got out of hand really fast, and it spread very fast.And it moved very quickly, not just from the move house, but onto the neighboring houses and then beyond.And even these are fairly narrow streets that this neighborhood was built on, and it jumped the street fairly quickly.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, it wasn't contained or deemed under control until 1141 p.m.So that's like more than six hours after it started.Yeah, this whole city block is just burning to the ground.
SPEAKER_09: It ended up being like a six-alarm fire, which, depending on the city, is 100, 120 firefighters, chiefs, ladder trucks.It's a big old fire.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.So you mentioned the 1978 siege where— the officer was shot and killed and where the beating of Delbert, Africa went down.Important to remember that because two of the officers that were involved in the beatdown of Delbert, Africa were also on the scene today.And they make a big point in this commission, like, did you think about sending these guys in there?Might not be a good idea and they may have revenge on their minds.And I can't remember what the answer was.He's kind of like...
SPEAKER_09: He said, no, I didn't think of that.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Or yes, I did.Whatever it was, he was not like, yeah, that was not a good idea.Right.He stood by whatever it was.
SPEAKER_06: Right.So this kind of sets up another story in tandem that's going on right now, which is. At a certain point during this massive fire... About 7.Yeah, they tried to get out from the basement.
SPEAKER_09: The move people tried to get out.They tried to escape.
SPEAKER_06: That's right.They tried to get out the back door.At this point, the cops had moved into the alleyway.There was no camera access, so you couldn't see what happened.But from the testimony that... Can't even hardly get through the testimony of that kid.They deposed him.He wasn't in front of the commission.
SPEAKER_09: Birdie Africa?
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, but Birdie Africa was like... what, he looked like 10 or 11 years old when they deposed him?
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, but he was actually like 13.
SPEAKER_06: Was he?But this kid is retelling the story.Seems incredibly credible and believable to me.Right.Like, I fully believe that he was telling the truth.
SPEAKER_09: Over the two cops who are supposedly, who may or may not, who may have actually fired on the people trying to escape the house.Right.Of the two, it's way easier to believe that kid's testimony than these guys.Right.Who were the ones who beat Delbert Africa in 1978.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, so that's what happened.They tried to leave.There was a kid named Rad Africa that was, I think, like 13 or 14, and he was carrying out a baby.And he was one of the first ones out, and he goes back into the house.And there's that part of the documentary where the priest is talking to the officers, and And he's like, because officers are saying, all we were saying was come out with your hands up.
SPEAKER_09: Right.We didn't fire on anybody.
SPEAKER_06: We didn't fire.We said, come out with your hands up.And this priest is like, I'm trying to think of what would make a kid holding a baby go back into a building engulfed in flames.Right.And those. And the cops are like, I don't know.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, you can't really put yourself in a move person's feet.Right.You can't really identify with them.And that minister or whatever said, actually, I was friends with a lot of these people.Right.I knew them on a human level.Right.The other thing that really kind of damns the two cops who beat Delbert Africa's testimony.
SPEAKER_07: Mm-hmm.
SPEAKER_09: is that there was reports from a lot of witnesses, including like fire department people, of gunfire in this alley around this time.So the whole thing kind of adds up if you take the reports of witnesses that there was gunfire in the back alley with Birdie Africa and Ramona Africa's testimony that around that same time people had tried to escape.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: And then the testimony of the cops themselves that the people had run back in the house.Right.It sounds a lot like a reasonable person would conclude that the cops who had beaten Delbert Africa in 1978 shot at the people from MOVE in 1985 who tried to escape the fire and forced them back into the burning house.
SPEAKER_06: Right. 100%.
SPEAKER_09: That's certainly what it sounds like.
SPEAKER_06: The cop said that the kid had, or he said he was a man, he was a kid, had a rifle that he pointed at them.And I know what a rifle looks like because the kid who survived, Bertie, said he had a monkey wrench in his hand that he used to get the window open. And he came out with a monkey wrench and that baby.And the cop was like, I can tell the difference between a rifle and a monkey wrench.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah.And if you're sitting here like, hey, lay off the cops, just watch this documentary and then listen to this part over again.Because it's a really great documentary.It does a really good job of laying everything out. But part of the, I guess, the goodness of this documentary is that it's all archival and it lets the people speak for themselves.
SPEAKER_06: Oh, yeah.It's just you basically kind of watch what happened and listen to what people said about it.
SPEAKER_09: Right.
SPEAKER_06: You know, including the people in charge.
SPEAKER_09: And it's obviously, I mean, it's edited.It's not just like here's this inquiry, here's my documentary.But, I mean, it lets it pay out enough that you get a really good clear picture of what happened in the testimony that followed.Right.
SPEAKER_06: So, I mean, that's kind of the end of that story as it happened that, you know, these, Ramona and Bertie were the only two to make it out of that house alive.
SPEAKER_09: And that hero I mentioned earlier, a cop, man, I wish I could remember his name.I got his name.He could not stop himself from running to Bertie to help him.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, James, Officer James Burghier.
SPEAKER_09: So Burgheier ran to them, despite some of his colleagues saying, don't, I think it's a trap, you're going to get killed.He said, I can't, I can't.Like, I see this kid right there, and I'm going to go rescue him.He thought of his kids, he said.He did.And he was, they even say, like, in the inquiry, like, if there's any... like silver, silver lining or shining moment to this whole horrible thing.It's what you did.Um, and he got kind of rusted out of the police department within a year or two.
SPEAKER_06: Oh yeah.His, his own, uh, police brethren turned on him.They, um, wrote racial epithets on his locker because he saved this kid, was diagnosed with PTSD and left the forest two years later.And there's a great article I found that I read the first third of right before we had to record of him, an interview with him I guess like five or six years ago that I can't wait to go read and finish up.So let's finish up.Okay.
SPEAKER_09: so so the so birdie and ramona were the only two move members who survived the other 11 died including six children yeah in this house that was set on fire that and the fire was set off by a bomb that the philadelphia police department dropped on the house so obviously philadelphia is going to cough up some money for this uh yeah there was um there were settlements um
SPEAKER_06: The parents of the dead children settled for $25 million total.Michael Ward, a young birdie, he became Michael Ward.He changed his name.He got $1.7 million.Ramona Africa got half a million dollars. And the families of John Africa and his nephew, they couldn't reach a settlement, so they were awarded $1 million by a jury.And then here's the kicker.Police Chief Sambor and Fire Chief Richmond were forced to pay $1 a week for 11 years to Ramona Africa.
SPEAKER_09: To keep it in mind.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, $572.
SPEAKER_09: But it's a civil – I mean that's a civil punishment basically saying we think you're – like you might not be criminally responsible, but in this civil suit we are saying – it's basically like how – A symbolic payment or whatever.Yeah, it's like how the court, the civil court ruled against OJ even though he had been found not guilty of murder.
SPEAKER_06: In the criminal court.
SPEAKER_09: The civil court still said, no, you're responsible, we believe, so we're going to get you in this way.They did the same thing.And this was despite the fact that Ramona Africa did seven years. Like they didn't say, hey, we're really sorry we burned this house.Right, she went to prison.Here's some money.They said, hey, you're under arrest for inciting a riot and conspiracy of something or other.And she did seven years.She didn't get out early because the parole board said you have to denounce MOVE.And she refused to denounce MOVE, and she did her full seven years.
Although now she is not affiliated with MOVE any longer as far as I know.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, as far as the original Move 9, who are the ones in prison for the killing of the police officer, two of them died in prison.I think two are still in prison.The rest, including just in February, February 12th, Eddie Africa was paroled.Delbert and Chuck Africa are still behind bars.I think are the only two still behind bars. And as far as Michael Ward, a.k.a.Young Birdie Africa, he very sadly died in 2013 in a hot tub cruise ship drowning due to intoxication.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, the Brevard County, Florida medical examiner ruled that an accidental death from drowning in a hot tub from just being drunk, I guess.
SPEAKER_06: What a weird way to go after all that.
SPEAKER_09: What a weird life.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, and it's weird because during the deposition, he was there with his father, and I'm like, where was his dad?
SPEAKER_09: His dad was looking for him.
SPEAKER_06: Well, his dad was out of the country in the military while he was living in Philadelphia.
SPEAKER_09: Right, but he had moved to suburban Philadelphia.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: His dad did and had been looking for Michael and had no idea he was, you know, 30 minutes away in Philly.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, so he lived the rest of his life with his dad, and that's who he referenced earlier when he was like, you know, the stuff that went on there, I'll only tell my father.Right.Super, super tragic.Yeah. It's one of these things I think like we should do a little triumvirate of this in Ruby Ridge in Waco maybe.
SPEAKER_07: Yeah, agreed.
SPEAKER_06: Like three times where – that was a potentially problematic organization, and the United States government just decided to firebomb it.
SPEAKER_09: Yeah, these are so sticky because you want to be like, oh, these people are the victims, and the government really was a villain in this one.But you're like, it's never that complex, and these stories really teach you that.
SPEAKER_06: It's always that complex.
SPEAKER_09: Things are much more textured than that.They're much more nuanced than that black and white. But even still, you don't drop a bomb and burn 11 people to death.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.The city, as far as that block went, they paid $11 million, which was by all accounts a very inside deal with some developer who put up a bunch of houses that were – Condemned in 2000 due to shoddy construction.
SPEAKER_08: Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: So somebody got rich, again, trying to build these things, did a terrible job.Yeah.24 families stayed.They offered repairs and buyouts, and apparently most people took the buyouts.
SPEAKER_09: Right.
SPEAKER_06: And if you do, like, the little Google Earth, the 6221 Osage, it's – Still row houses, and on either side of that, it looks like people might be living there.
SPEAKER_09: Right.
SPEAKER_06: But that building has, like, you know, plywood up in the windows.Oh, really?Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Because I heard, like, starting in about 2015, they brought in a good developer and started to redevelop it, and it's starting to come back.
SPEAKER_06: Well, it's interesting.That one address, though, is boarded up, so I don't know if, like, no one wants to live there.
SPEAKER_09: Or it could be an older Google image.Yeah.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, those are usually newer, right?
SPEAKER_09: Well, I mean, it could be older than 2015.
SPEAKER_06: Although I looked at my house the other day, and it was the old house.
SPEAKER_09: The old house?
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, and I was kind of like, oh.That's cute.It looked cruddier than I thought.
SPEAKER_09: No, you got a good house.I got to see your new version.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, you should.
SPEAKER_09: Your fancy version.I'm just waiting for an invite.Come on over.Oh, thanks.I can't. If you want to know more about the move bombing, please, please, we both beseech you, go watch Let the Fire Burn on Amazon Prime, on the internet, wherever you can see it, just see it.It's really, really good.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah, and we should point out too that no one involved on the cops and the political side suffered any punishments.
SPEAKER_09: No, there was that inquiry and no one was found guilty of any wrongdoing except – although this will put a really good button on – this multiracial panel, inquiry panel that held these hearings. To a person with one dissenter said that we conclude had this not been a black working class neighborhood but instead a white working class neighborhood, the police never would have dropped that bomb.Of course they wouldn't have.
SPEAKER_06: Yeah.
SPEAKER_09: Okay.It's time for Listen to Me.Listen to Me.
SPEAKER_06: Who is the lone dissenter?
SPEAKER_09: I didn't see.It's got to be the guy with the glasses.
SPEAKER_06: It's always that guy.What am I going to call this?Perfect pitch follow-up.Hey, guys.Back in 2009, my band was recording an album, and there was one song that ends with us all singing and holding out a single note.The next song starts with us singing that same note.
SPEAKER_09: Oh, that's cool.
SPEAKER_06: See what they did?Adding drums, then the songs are edited together to have them flow into each other with no gap. Josh T. is very interesting because he's a musician.Jerry would just be like, what?I'm eating miso, huh?What did you guys say?We had finished recording that first one, and I can tell by the look on Josh's face, he's like, no, that old trick.Packed our instruments away, then we were about to start the next one.We realized we needed to hear the first note so we could sing in the right pitch.Instead of loading up the previous song, our pianist said, I have perfect pitch, and belted out the note, which we all, who don't have perfect pitch, trusted him to be right and started recording from there.
Little did we know, he doesn't have perfect pitch, but it's close.When we edited the songs together and played them through, the notes were supposed to match were off by about a half step.Now it sounds like a Jerry edit.Very dissonant, totally wrong.Oh, I just realized Jerry's going to hear this when she edits this episode.That's right.Just put a Wilhelm scream in there, Jerry, and I'll be all right.We were already out of the studio at that point, so we ended up just releasing it and claiming the dissonance was intentional. But we never let them off the hook with the old, oh, yeah, you got perfect pitch, do you?Thanks so much for all the hard work, guys.
I've learned so much.Been endlessly entertained for years.Signed, spanked, and sent.That is from Kenny.
SPEAKER_09: Thank you, Kenny.We appreciate that.That was a pretty great email.It made me literally LOL.
SPEAKER_06: I can only assume it's Kenny Rogers.
SPEAKER_09: I also want to say this.We give Jerry a hard time around here at Stuff You Should Know.Oh, only when she's not here.Actually, that's not true.We do it while she's sitting right there, too.I can't imagine Stuff You Should Know without her.Yeah.We love our Jerry, and she is perfect exactly the way she is.Call that a nice save. Well, if you want to get in touch with us, you can go on to stuffyoushouldknow.com and check out our social links.
And you can also send us an email to stuffpodcasts at iheartradio.com.
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