SPEAKER_00: TED Audio Collective. You're listening to TED Talks Daily.I'm Elise Hu.Catalina Lotero wants Latin American artists and designers to chart their aesthetic future.She saw it in other parts of the world, but why not her own?So in her 2023 talk from TED at BCG, she shares a vision for bringing inspiration from the past to create locally designed aesthetics in the present and project it forward to after the break. Support for TED Talks Daily comes from Capital One Bank.With no fees or minimums, banking with Capital One is the easiest decision in the history of decisions.Even easier than deciding to listen to another episode of your favorite podcast.And with no overdraft fees, is it even a decision?
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SPEAKER_01: My name is Catalina Lutero, and I suffer from aesthetic anxiety.That means that while you guys probably fear planes or some real life-threatening thing like snakes, I get very anxious at the idea of a poster where the font is kind of off or a room where the lighting is not right. On the bright side, this same feeling has taken me around the world of design and aesthetics.In 2018, I moved to Japan for five years as an academic design and aesthetics researcher for Keio University in Tokyo. There, I did a lot of research, because as a Latin American, I really wanted to understand the why behind Japan's confidence and pride in their aesthetics, which I felt, where I grew up, I didn't have. In my research, I understood that a lot of Japan's design icons trace back at least 1,000 years minimum.They have very purposefully selected, protected and evolved the elements that make up their aesthetic landscape.And I was very interested in finding out.So ... I found out that aesthetics hold a very big influential power on us.
They influence our everyday actions and decisions without us knowing.And in Japan, I was always in awe of very well-known objects and spaces like the temple, the tatami room, the kimono, and actually, the tatami room was my favorite one.And if you guys don't know what a tatami room is, a tatami room is a space designed approximately 1,200 years ago with very soft floors made of straw, and it was done to perform some ceremonies, but one of them is the tea ceremony.And I actually had a tatami room in every single apartment I had in Tokyo.My apartments were super tiny, super, super small, and yet they had a tatami room.And me and my husband would use the tatami room as our bedroom.So we had a lot of time to spend there and analyze its origin, its design, its style and its meaning.
And I was there, lying there, awake at night, where I started to wonder, what is the equivalent of the tatami room in my own Latin American culture?What are the things, objects and spaces that trace back in our region at least a thousand years and that still give me meaning today?I'm very ashamed to say I couldn't think of any. I couldn't think of a ritual, I couldn't think of a space, an architectural structure, nothing would come to mind.So I started asking, why?Why don't I have this knowledge?And, well, the answer is now obvious to me, but it wasn't at the time.Colonization.Turns out that during the European conquest, to Latin America, they erased almost every type of knowledge document that we had, either Mexican codexes or Peruvian quibus.
burned or stole them.So a lot, a lot was lost.And what they did to codexes and to quipus, they did to our spiritual beliefs, to our concept of what beauty is, and they did to everything that was very important to these cultures.So our pre-Columbian cultures were not allowed to evolve and refine. So I decided to turn to design to correct this.And I asked, what would Latin America look like if its pre-Columbian civilizations had evolved without colonial interruption?And the quest for the answer of this question is something that I like to call pre-Columbian futurism. Pre-Columbian futurism is a speculative design project that seeks to dig the hidden stories and messages of our pre-colonial communities and bring them into today through design.So I started with the equivalent of the Latin American tatami room, which is where it all started.Turns out, I learned,
Pre-Columbian civilizations do a lot of rituals around the coca leaf, just as the Japanese have their own tea ritual.And the coca leaf is very important.Not only was it important before, but it's still today for a lot of indigenous communities. So I identified common features that the spaces dedicated to the coca leaf have.And for example, they were all rounded, they had a central fire, they had floor seating, they had metallic jars where you could spit in.And I took those and I brought them to today.So usually they were decorated with ... altars dedicated to gods, gods of corn, gods of the moon, the sun, or chia and shui, as they called them in the Chibcha dialect. And I was hooked.I really, really enjoyed the process so much because I did a lot of visual research.
And during my visual research, some other things started to pop out and get my attention.One of those things was chairs.It's very, very hard for us industrial designers to ignore a good chair.So I did the same that I did with the coca room, and I identified common design traits in some of the chairs in Aztec codices, mostly. Like, they all have sharp angles.They look very heavy when you look at them.They have a similar color palette.And my favorite part when I brought this design to today was how they depicted the way they made these chairs comfortable using jaguar skin. But not only did I find it very interesting that they used jaguar skin, but the way they printed and illustrated this jaguar skin.So I became a little obsessed with the way they did it, and I pretty much use it in everything I design now.
And Jaguarskin brings us to the jaguar.So the jaguar, for a lot of pre-Columbian civilizations, was a very important, powerful god.It was a shapeshifter.It was able to move between the living and the dead very easily.So it inspired a lot of creation. It inspired them to do paintings, illustrations, pottery, and many times, jewelry.And that's where I found my inspiration myself.And the drag war was so inspiring that I didn't only want to do something for the present, but I started designing something looking a little bit in the future ahead.So I designed an earring that is also a jewelry piece. and it has AI, and it helps you decipher visions and dreams, also take calls, whatever makes you happy.
But I was very, very inspired by the jaguar.And all these loose elements, as I start putting them together in my mind, they start to paint a very clear picture of what I see the future of Latin America look like if we actually took some of our ancestral knowledge and included it today.Also, I mixed it with a little bit of sustainable tech and a pinch of positivism. And yes, I have enjoyed creating and designing objects based on pre-Columbian futurism a lot, but that wasn't my favorite part of this project.My favorite part has been stumbling upon other creators that are actively working on this without knowing I am part of a broader movement of other people across Latin America who are doing it. For example, there are chefs like Charles Michel.He is educating the world on coca leaf, on cacao, tucupi and other ancestral foods.There's Vanessa Gomez.She is recovering antique fabrication techniques and making them timeless.
I would get a lot of inspiration from music videos and plays in theaters that I later found out were all art directed by Orly Annan.She mixes a lot of pre-Columbian tradition with modern pop culture, resulting in aesthetics that, for me, are very, very inspiring.And they look very modern, yet you can still see the ancient in them. I was walking one day down the Beltline in Atlanta, and I fell in love with the work of Lizeth Correa as well.It spoke to me.And after I talked to her, I found out that she's also desperately trying to understand her Taino heritage through her work, not only through graffiti, but other mediums.She's trying to communicate to the world in a way that is very accessible, as graffiti is. all her knowledge and her findings, which she didn't know before.And there's Freddy Manami, a self-taught architect from Bolivia.He does amazing things.
When he starts crossing his Aymara knowledge, he's actually an Aymara community member. and he crosses aesthetics from the Aymara graphics and fabrics with his love for sci-fi.And you can definitely see it in the outer parts of the buildings.The landscapes he builds in Bolivia are things that make me daydream of the potential hidden within our cultures.And I wish there was more.There are more.But I wish there were a lot more of us.Because pre-Columbian futurism is just one aesthetic.It's one way to do it.
Bringing inspiration from the past to create to the present and projecting it into the future.But what I have learned during this process is that everything we are designing today is literally designing us back constantly. So at least as Latin Americans, we need a future where we can see ourselves so we feel empowered to work towards it and not only wait for other cultures to tell us what the future holds or predict the future for us.We need to find certain features of our own and project them into the future so we can work towards it.Thank you.
SPEAKER_00: PRX.
