Disappearing Acts: Anna Mae Aquash

Episode Summary

The episode titled "Disappearing Acts: Anna Mae Aquash" from the Womanica podcast, hosted by Jenny Kaplan, delves into the life and legacy of Anna Mae Aquash, a figure of resilience and courage who became a symbol for the indigenous peoples of North America. Born on March 27, 1945, on the Mi'kmaq Indian Reserve in Nova Scotia, Canada, Anna Mae's early life was marked by modest means, with her mother supporting the family through welfare and housekeeping, and her father working in logging camps. At 16, Anna Mae left Nova Scotia for Maine, eventually moving to Boston in search of better employment opportunities. It was in Boston where she became involved with the Boston Indian Council, dedicating herself to advocacy for Indigenous communities. Anna Mae's commitment to Indigenous rights led her to actively participate in the American Indian Movement (AIM) during the 1970s, a period of intense activism and social upheaval. AIM, known for its radical advocacy for Indigenous civil rights, organized several protests and marches, including the Trail of Broken Treaties march in Washington, D.C., and the occupation of the Village of Wounded Knee at the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Despite facing misogyny within the movement, Anna Mae stood firm in her convictions, fighting for the rights of her people and challenging leadership when necessary. Tragically, Anna Mae's life came to a mysterious and untimely end in December 1975 when she disappeared under suspicious circumstances. Her body was discovered two months later, and a second autopsy revealed she had been raped and shot in the back of the head. The investigation into her death spanned 35 years, with speculation about her being targeted for her activism or suspected of being an FBI informant. Eventually, AIM members Arlo Lookingcloud and John Graham were sentenced to life in prison for their roles in her abduction and murder. Anna Mae Aquash's story has become emblematic of the injustice and oppression faced by Indigenous women, inspiring the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) movement. Her life and death underscore the ongoing struggle for justice and recognition of Indigenous rights, leaving a lasting impact on the movement and serving as a poignant reminder of the costs of activism.

Episode Show Notes

Anna Mae Aquash (1945-1975) was an Indigenous activist known for her advocacy for Indigenous rights during the American Indian Movement (AIM) in the 1970s. Her commitment to the cause made her a symbol of resistance against injustices faced by Native American communities. Her life was cut short in 1975 under mysterious circumstances, sparking ongoing investigations and debates about her death and the broader issues of Indigenous rights.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_00: Before we get started, just a heads up.This episode contains mentions of rape and violence.Hello.From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica.Womanica. Historically, women have been told to make themselves smaller, to diminish themselves.Some have used that idea to their advantage, disappearing into new identities.For others, a disappearance was the end to their stories, but the beginning of a new chapter in their legacies.This month, we're telling the stories of these women.We're talking about disappearing acts. Today, we're talking about a woman who symbolized resilience, courage, and the indomitable spirit of the indigenous peoples of North America. Let's talk about Anna Mae Aquash.Anna Mae was born on March 27, 1945, on the Mi'kmaq Indian Reserve in Nova Scotia, Canada.Her mother supported Anna Mae and her two sisters through welfare and work as a housekeeper.Anna Mae's father worked in Maine in logging camps.Anna Mae left Nova Scotia when she was 16.She moved to Maine to work as a farmhand. From there, she joined a group of Eastern Canadians known as Maritimers in their migration to Boston to find better employment.In 1965, Anna Mae married fellow Mi'kmaq Jake Maloney.They had two daughters together before divorcing a few years later. In Boston, Anna Mae joined a group that helped Indigenous people find jobs and education and fight addictions.It was called the Boston Indian Council. There, she witnessed firsthand the discrimination and marginalization faced by Indigenous communities at the hands of colonial powers.So when she was offered a scholarship to Brandeis University, Anna Mae turned it down to continue her Indigenous community advocacy work.Determined to make a difference, Anna Mae became actively involved in the American Indian Movement, or AIM, during the 1970s. This marked a period of intense activism and social upheaval.AIM was an anti-establishment movement, modeled after the Black Panthers.AIM promoted Indigenous rights in the United States.The organization was known as one of the more radical advocacy groups for Indigenous civil rights.Anna Mae participated in many of its protests, marches, and advocacy campaigns. In 1972, AIM organized the Trail of Broken Treaties march in Washington, D.C.Anna Mae was among the protesters who occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs building.Demonstrators hung a banner that said, Native American Embassy, and barricaded themselves inside, going through boxes and boxes of documents. The next year, Anna Mae went to South Dakota.There, she joined the 10-week occupation of the Village of Wounded Knee at the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.In 1890, federal troops perpetrated a massacre of the Sioux people at Wounded Knee.This occupation was in protest of decades of the U.S.government failing to honor Native treaties. Anna Mae was eager to be among her fellow AIM activists.She wrote in a letter to her sister, "...the whole country changed with only a handful of raggedy-ass pilgrims that came over here in the 1500s, and it can take a handful of raggedy-ass Indians to do the same, and I intend to be one of those raggedy-ass Indians." But Ames suffered from a misogynistic hierarchical social order.And when Anna Mae was put on kitchen duty by Ames' leader, she replied, Mr. Banks, I didn't come here to wash dishes.I came here to fight. Not even Anna Mae's own people were going to deny her participation in this standoff.She was aware of the corruption and injustice inside the organization.And she didn't shy away from it.Instead, she spoke out and challenged leadership.This ruffled feathers within AIM.Anna Mae left Pine Ridge before the occupation culminated in the death of two FBI agents. Still, she stood firm in her convictions and fought for the rights of her people through other AIM projects. In December of 1975, Anna Mae's life came to a mysterious and untimely end.She disappeared under suspicious circumstances.And two months later, a rancher found her body at the bottom of a 30-foot embankment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Her cause of death was listed as exposure, and she was buried in an unidentified grave.But her family knew better.Her family demanded a second autopsy.It was discovered that Anna Mae was raped and shot in the back of the head.Later evidence showed that she was kidnapped and interrogated.Anna Mae's murder made national and local headlines, but not always with accurate information. This began a 35-year investigation into Anna Mae's death. Speculation and theories abound regarding the events leading to Anna Mae's demise.Some believe she was targeted for her activism, silenced by those threatened by her unwavering commitment to justice.Others say AIM members suspected Anna Mae was an FBI informant, and that played a role in her death. Over time, the investigation stalled as AIM members refused to cooperate with prosecutors.They didn't trust the authorities.It wasn't until the late 1990s that AIM members began to come forward.One of AIM's former security guards, Arlo Lookingcloud, confessed to taking part in Anna Mae's abduction and murder.He then shared that another AIM member, John Graham, was responsible for pulling the trigger.The two men were sentenced to life in prison. In 2004, Anna Mae's body was returned and buried in Nova Scotia. Today, her story symbolizes the injustice and oppression Indigenous women face.Her life and death also helped inspire the mission behind the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, or MMIW movement. In February of 2019, the South Dakota Senate Committee introduced a bill that would require the Division of Criminal Investigation to begin setting guidelines for data collection of possible MMIW cases.All month, we're talking about disappearing acts.For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.Talk to you tomorrow. SPEAKER_05: Looking for hair removal tools that not only deliver smooth results, but also empower you with a sense of complete control?Enter Conair Girl Bomb, your secret weapons for smooth, sleek results made just for women.From the ultimate girl bomb grip and professional-grade blades, you don't have to compromise and settle for less. Conair Girlbomb equips you with the precision and power previously reserved for men's grooming tools.So take your hair removal routine to the next level with Conair Girlbomb.Available at conairgirlbomb.com or a retailer near you. 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