Women of Sound: Alice Guy Blaché

Episode Summary

Alice Guy-Blaché, born on July 1st, 1873, in a suburb of Paris, is celebrated as one of the pioneering figures in the early days of cinema, often regarded as the first female filmmaker. Her journey into the world of film began in an unexpected manner. After her family faced financial hardships, Alice found employment at a camera and photography supply store owned by Léon Gaumont, an inventor dabbling in moving picture cameras. It was here that Alice's curiosity and innovative spirit were sparked, leading her to direct and film a one-minute fairy tale titled "The Cabbage Fairy" in 1896, which is considered one of the first, if not the first, narrative films. Alice's career took a significant turn when she was promoted to head of production at Gaumont's company at the young age of 23. Over the next decade, she directed, produced, and supervised hundreds of films, experimenting with color tinting and incorporating sound into her films long before these became standard practices in filmmaking. Her marriage to Herbert Blaché in 1907 led her to the United States, where they opened a film studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, named Solax. At that time, Fort Lee was the epicenter of American filmmaking, not Hollywood. Alice continued to innovate in her filmmaking, exploring narrative forms and including diverse casting and points of view in her films. Despite her groundbreaking work, Alice Guy-Blaché's contributions were gradually forgotten as Hollywood rose to prominence and consolidated power as the movie-making capital of America. By 1922, Alice and her husband had separated, and she found herself unable to secure work as a director upon returning to France with their two children. The film industry, growing and evolving, unfortunately wrote Alice out of its history. Towards the end of her life, Alice attempted to recover her old films, but most were lost. She passed away on March 24, 1968, at the age of 94, leaving behind a legacy that was only later recognized for its significance in the history of cinema. More than 40 years after her death, the Fort Lee Film Commission installed a new gravestone to memorialize her as the first woman motion picture director, the first woman studio head, and the president of the Solax Company, ensuring her pioneering contributions to the world of film are remembered.

Episode Show Notes

Alice Guy Blaché (1873-1968) is widely considered the first female filmmaker. She experimented with sound, color, and casting in the nascent days of film making and produced hundreds of films — and then was written out of history.

Episode Transcript

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These women dominated the airwaves, innovating, documenting, and creating the audio landscape we live in today.Be natural.That was the catchphrase of today's womanikin, who many consider the first female filmmaker.Experimenting with techniques like tinted color, close-ups, and synchronized sound, she produced hundreds of films, and then was written out of history.Meet Alice Guy-Blaché. Alice was born on July 1st, 1873, in a suburb of Paris.At the time, Alice's parents actually lived in Chile, but her mother returned to France to give birth and left Alice with a grandmother. When Alice turned three, her mother returned for her and brought her back to South America.During her adolescence, Alice's family faced hardship and eventually moved back to France.To support her family, Alice got a job at a camera and photography supply store. The store just happened to be owned by Léon Gaumont, an inventor who experimented with moving picture cameras.Léon invented the chronophone, which was an early technology for putting sound to film.His company made short films to demonstrate the technology to clients.These films usually simply portrayed moving objects, like a train speeding down the track or a parade marching down a road. Alice thought the films could be better.Rather than just showing a moving object, why not incorporate a cast of characters, plot, and different scenes?So in 1896, she did her own innovating. On her lunch break, she directed and filmed a one-minute fairy tale about how babies are born.The film, called The Cabbage Fairy, showed a woman picking babies out of a cabbage patch constructed out of wood. It's considered one of the first, if not the first, narrative films.After that, at just 23 years old, Alice was promoted to GOMO's head of production.For the next 10 years, Alice directed, produced, and supervised hundreds of films.Long before color or sound films were the norm, she used color tinting and incorporated sound into her films using a system that synced visuals with pre-recorded wax cylinders. In 1907, Alice married another Gaumont employee named Herbert Blaché.She resigned from her position at Gaumont's company and moved with her new husband to the United States.Initially, they were there to help promote Gaumont's new film technologies outside of France, but it was a bust.So, in 1910, the couple opened a film studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, called Solax. At the time, Fort Lee, not Hollywood, was the center of American filmmaking.There, Alice continued to innovate.In addition to sound and color, she played with narrative form.By playing film backwards, she could create the illusion of going back in time.Alice liked her films to convey real life with whimsical elements. In an interview, Alice once said, On any given day, Alice might be out at an orphanage, an opium parlor, or a prison to scout locations.She shepherded a staff of directors, assistants, and actors, adult, child, and animal, including a 600-pound tiger named Princess. a sign hung on the studio wall reading, Be Natural.Alice's films included diverse casting and points of view.In 1912, she directed A Fool and His Money, again making history as one of, if not the, first narrative films with an all-Black cast. Her film, The Making of an American Citizen, explored difficult subjects like immigration and abuse.And in 1915, she directed My Madonna, likely the first film by a female director with a female lead.But steadily, Hollywood consolidated power as the movie-making capital of America, and Alice found less and less success.So Lax, along with other East Coast film companies, shuddered. By 1922, Alice and her husband had separated.He moved to Hollywood, while Alice moved back to France with their two children.Despite her accomplishments and experience, she couldn't find any work as a director.And as the film industry grew up, it wrote Alice out of its history.Towards the end of her life, Alice attempted to recover her old films, but most were lost. Ruminating on her life, she later wrote, Alice passed away on March 24, 1968, at the age of 94. She was buried in New Jersey, originally with a gravestone simply adorned with her name, birth, and death date.More than 40 years later, the Fort Lee Film Commission installed a new gravestone. This one memorializes her as the first woman motion picture director, the first woman studio head, and the president of the Solax Company.All month, we're talking about women of sound.For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.Talk to you tomorrow. 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