Women of Sound: Gal Costa

Episode Summary

In this episode of Womanica titled "Women of Sound: Gal Costa," we delve into the life and career of Gal Costa, a Brazilian pop music icon and a key figure in the Tropicalia movement of the late 1960s. Born Maria de Graca Costa Pena Burgos on September 26, 1945, in Bahia, Brazil, Gal Costa was determined from a young age to pursue a career in singing. Her early music career was influenced by the bossa nova genre, which had gained international popularity. In 1967, she released her first album, "Domingo," in collaboration with Caetano Veloso, reflecting the bossa nova style prevalent in Brazil's pop charts at the time. However, the political landscape in Brazil was changing rapidly. Following a military coup in 1964, Brazil found itself under a harsh military dictatorship, which prompted young musicians like Gal Costa to seek ways to resist the authoritarian regime. This led to the emergence of the Tropicalia movement, a blend of samba, bossa nova, and psychedelic rock, which was inherently political and aimed at challenging conservative culture and the government's authoritarian policies. Gal Costa became one of the leading voices of this movement, collaborating with artists such as Gilberto Gil, Maria Batagna, and Tom Zay. Despite facing opposition from the government, which saw the movement as a threat, Costa continued to release music and perform songs written by her exiled friends, Veloso and Gil, even though it was risky to remain connected with them. Gal Costa's debut solo album, released in 1969, showcased her evolution as a vocalist, blending soft whispers with daring, sharper vocals. Her music continued to evolve, and in 1973, she made waves with her album "India," which featured a controversial album cover. Although the Tropicalia movement eventually faded from the pop charts, Costa returned to her roots in the genre and enjoyed a decades-long career, touring internationally and receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Latin Grammys in 2011. Gal Costa passed away on November 9, 2022, at the age of 77, leaving behind a legacy as a beloved figure in Brazilian pop music and a pioneer of the Tropicalia movement.

Episode Show Notes

Gal Costa (1945-2022) was an iconic vocalist of Brazilian pop music. As one of the leading acts of the tropicalia movement in the late 1960s, Gal’s music reflected the social unrest of Brazilian youth under an oppressive military dictatorship.

Episode Transcript

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These women dominated the airwaves, innovating, documenting, and creating the audio landscape we live in today.Today we're talking about an icon of Brazilian pop music.As a fixture of the Tropicalia movement in the late 1960s, her singular voice reflected the social unrest of Brazilian youth during a military dictatorship.Please welcome Gal Costa, The gal was born Maria de Graca Costa Pena Bugos on September 26, 1945, in Bahia, Brazil.Even in her earliest days, she was determined to have a career on stage.She said, I was born wanting to sing, wanting to be a singer. I always thought I would be one.I had this intuition and I wanted it. During Gal's childhood, the energetic samba music that had dominated Brazilian culture gave way to cool, romantic bossa nova.The genre became incredibly popular — not just in Brazil, but internationally, too.In 1967, Gal, who was now in her early 20s, released her first album, Domingo. It was a duet project with fellow Brazilian composer and singer Caetano Veloso.Their songs reflected the bossa nova style that dominated the country's pop charts.But Brazil was going through an upheaval in pop music and in politics.In 1964, a few years before Gal's first record, a military coup had overthrown the country's democratic government. the Brazilian people found themselves under a harsh military dictatorship, backed by the U.S. And as the years passed, Brazil's young musicians, like Gal, started experimenting with ways to push back against the authoritarian regime.That's where Tropicalia came in, a new avant-garde movement in Brazilian culture.It was inherently political, partly inspired by the leftist youth movement exploding in France. Tropicaya combined familiar elements of samba and bossa nova with the psychedelic rock that was blowing up in Britain.Gal became one of the biggest names in the burgeoning genre, along with previous collaborator Caetano Veloso and big acts like Gilberto Gil, Maria Batagna, and Tom Zay. In 1968, Gal was featured on the collaborative album Tropicália, O Panis et Circenses, Red and Circuses.The project was adjoining of the leading creative minds of the artistic movement and produced Gal's first big hit single in Brazil, Baby.But despite the new genre's popularity, Tropicália faced strong opposition from Brazil's authoritarian government. political leaders were threatened by the movement's rejection of conservative culture and its leftist political overtones.In 1968, the same year as GAL's first hit, the government arrested her friends and collaborators, Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil. They were released from jail only on the condition that they go into exile.Other musicians followed and continued to write and release music from their new homes in Europe. For the next three years, Gal visited her friends in London, but she remained living and working in Brazil.She would take songs that Veloso and Gil wrote and then release and perform them in their home country, though her music had to be approved by government censors.It was certainly risky to remain connected with her exiled collaborators, but Gal later said, it was not a matter of courage.I belonged to that movement and they were my friends. Gal released her debut self-titled solo album in 1969.The project revealed her continued evolution as a vocalist, combining her familiar soft whisper with sharper, more daring vocals.She released a second solo album, Legal, the following year.By 1971, the exiled members of the Tropicália movement were allowed to return to Brazil. Gal continued to release music and made waves in 1973 when she released her album, India. The album cover, which focused on Gal's red bikini bottoms, was considered so scandalous that it was censored.Eventually, Tropicália phased out of the pop charts in Brazil.For a while, Gal's music featured the synth-heavy pop tracks that became popular in the late 1970s and 80s.But eventually, she returned to her Tropicália roots. In her decades-long career, Gal toured internationally.Her first performance in the United States was two sold-out shows at Carnegie Hall in 1985.She remained a beloved fixture of Brazilian pop music throughout her life and received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Latin Grammys in 2011.Gal died on November 9, 2022.She was 77 years old. All month, we're talking about women of sound.For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.Talk to you tomorrow. 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