Women of Sound: Hilda Matheson

Episode Summary

In the episode titled "Women of Sound: Hilda Matheson" from the Womanica podcast, hosted by Jenny Kaplan, the focus is on Hilda Matheson, a pioneering figure in the world of broadcasting who is often credited with the invention of talk radio. Born in 1888 in South London, Matheson's early life was marked by a departure from traditional norms for women, as she engaged in activities like acting in male roles in school plays and tackling technical challenges. Despite the limitations of her time, which prevented women from attaining degrees, Matheson pursued higher education and eventually found herself working as a clerk in the War Office, and later, during World War I, she was recruited to MI5 for her skills in indexing information on suspected German spies. After the war, Matheson served as the political secretary for Lady Astor, the first British woman voted into Parliament, where she honed her skills in writing and lobbying. It was through this role that she met Sir John Reith, the general manager of the BBC, who was impressed by Matheson and offered her the position of director of talks in 1926. At the BBC, Matheson sought to experiment with talk radio programming, emphasizing the importance of engaging women as listeners and bringing intellectuals and notable figures, such as H.G. Wells, Bernard Shaw, Virginia Woolf, and Vida Sackville-West, onto the air. Her programming was educational and provocative, asking big questions and encouraging debate among listeners. However, Matheson's tenure at the BBC was not without conflict. She and Reith had differing visions for the direction of programming, with Matheson advocating for more intellectually stimulating content, while Reith preferred less educational material. This disagreement, coupled with possible concerns over her sexuality, eventually led to Matheson's departure from the BBC. Despite this setback, she continued to contribute to the field of broadcasting, working with the Royal Institute of International Affairs and later joining the Joint Broadcasting Committee during World War II, where she promoted British culture through international programs. Hilda Matheson's contributions to broadcasting and her innovative approach to talk radio left a lasting impact on the industry, though her achievements are not widely recognized today. Her work laid the groundwork for the contemporary podcasting landscape, demonstrating the power of sound to engage, educate, and provoke thought among listeners.

Episode Show Notes

Hilda Matheson (1888-1940) was the Director of Talks at the BBC for several years, greatly shaping the content and style of talk radio. She revolutionized the way people spoke into microphones on air and represented women and queer people in the broadcasting space.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_02: From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica.This month, we're talking about women of sound.These women dominated the airwaves, innovating, documenting, and creating the audio landscape we live in today.Today, we're talking about the woman who's often credited with the invention of talk radio.She transformed the airwaves.She explored the potential of sound in creative ways.And she paved the way for the contemporary podcasting landscape. Let's talk about Hilda Matheson.Hilda was born in 1888 in South London.Her father was a Scottish Presbyterian minister, and they lived a comfortable, normal life. As a child, Hilda left home for boarding school in another English town.When she got there, she didn't stick to the traditional norms that were expected of women at the time. She acted as men in school plays and enjoyed technical challenges like trying to get a boiler to start.At the time, women weren't allowed to attain degrees, but Hilda still went to college.Right after finishing her studies, she was hired as a clerk in the War Office.During World War I, she was recruited to MI5, the British security agency. There, she helped index information on people who were suspected of being German spies.Her findings were used for counterespionage.After the war, Hilda served as the political secretary for Lady Astor, the first British woman to be voted into Parliament.Hilda wrote letters and drafted speeches, and helped lobby for Lady Astor's ideas. And Hilda got something out of it, too.During that time, Hilda was introduced to many important people in Britain, making her very well-connected. One of those people was Sir John Reith, the general manager at the BBC.When Hilda met him in 1926, the BBC had only been around for four years.Reith was so impressed by Hilda that he offered her the job of director of talks at the BBC.At the time, the BBC prided itself on being a progressive organization hiring both men and women and paying them equal wages, though there were still limitations. Talks encompassed all of the BBC's talk radio programming.It was a new genre, and Hilda wanted to experiment and use the form in creative ways.That started with her broadcasters.Hilda understood that speaking on the radio was a unique skill that needed to be honed. She coached them on how to write scripts. SPEAKER_03: Write like you're talking to a friend, not like you're writing a magazine article. SPEAKER_02: She gave tips on speaking. SPEAKER_03: How fast to talk, how dynamic to be. SPEAKER_02: And she hammered home the idea that though the audience numbered in the hundreds of thousands, it was best to act as if you're speaking to just one person.Hilda wrote all of these guidelines down in a leaflet in 1927.But it's advice you'll still hear as a radio or podcast host today. When it came to content, Hilda was particularly interested in engaging women as listeners.She created a program called Questions for Women Voters, which came out in 1928, after the British government gave all women over the age of 21 the right to vote.The program was educational and provocative.It featured lively debates about big questions like, should married women work?Hilda's programming exposed listeners to new ideas. She brought intellectuals on air like H.G.Wells and Bernard Shaw. She also made a special effort to highlight women.She invited Virginia Woolf and the woman who was once Virginia's lover, novelist Vida Sackville-West.Vida and Hilda would eventually strike up a romantic relationship of their own.With these big names involved, Hilda's programming also asked bigger, more worldly questions.In one memo, she wrote, SPEAKER_03: The right presentation of these questions can interest the most unlikely public. SPEAKER_02: Unfortunately, Hilda and her boss, Sir John Reith, did not see eye to eye.Hilda wanted to increase the quality of programming and make it more intellectually stimulating.John wanted less educational content, which he thought would appeal more to the lower middle class.Hilda argued that her male colleagues had the wits of a mentally deficient hen, John complained that Hilda was unreasonable and difficult.And in the midst of this prolonged disagreement, Hilda lost her job.Some sources suggest that she may also have been ousted because of her sexuality.After leaving the BBC, Hilda became a supervisor for a research study conducted by the Royal Institute of International Affairs.It investigated the geography, languages, and social structures of sub-Saharan Africa at the time. Although her contributions to this study were extensive, her name was cut from the acknowledgments in a later revision of the paper. During World War II, Hilda became part of the Joint Broadcasting Committee.The committee was a propaganda unit, promoting British culture through programs on air in foreign countries.The new job did come with complications.It shared studios with her old employer, the BBC. Hilda lived with several medical issues and ultimately died in 1940 during a routine operation at the age of 52.Despite her major contributions to broadcasting, few people know the impact she had on public radio.Her inner circle celebrated her achievements.Vita Sackbill West, her former lover, reflected fondly in her obituary on Hilda's spirit.She described her not only as the best of friends, but in the noblest sense, a servant of the state. All month, we're talking about women of sound. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.Talk to you tomorrow. 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