Women of Sound: Jackie Cochran

Episode Summary

Jackie Cochran's story, as presented in the "Women of Sound" episode of the Womanica podcast, is a tale of determination, innovation, and breaking barriers, both literally and metaphorically. Born Bessie Lee Pittman in the Florida Panhandle into a poor family, Jackie's early life was marked by hardship and ambition. Despite dropping out of school at a young age and working in a cotton mill, Jackie's drive led her to New York City, where she reinvented herself as a successful businesswoman and pioneering aviator. Jackie Cochran's journey into aviation began with a practical need for travel for her cosmetics business, encouraged by her second husband, millionaire Floyd Odlum. She obtained her pilot's license in just three weeks and quickly made a name for herself in the 1930s by setting speed records and winning air races, including the prestigious Bendix Trophy Race. Her accomplishments garnered media attention not only for her skills but also for her ultra-feminine appearance, often reapplying her lipstick right after a race. During World War II, Jackie leveraged her aviation expertise and connections, including her friendship with Amelia Earhart and the Roosevelts, to organize the Women's Flying Training Detachment, which later became part of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). This effort earned her the Distinguished Service Medal, making her the first woman civilian to receive the honor. However, her ambition didn't stop with the war's end. Jackie set her sights on breaking the sound barrier, a feat she achieved in 1953 with the help of Major Charles "Chuck" Yeager, becoming the first woman to do so. She continued to push boundaries, becoming the first woman to fly at Mach 2 in 1964. Despite her groundbreaking achievements, Jackie Cochran's legacy is complex. She was a trailblazer in aviation and a successful businesswoman, but her views on women's roles in the military and commercial aviation were conservative, often opposing opportunities for other women in these fields. Her support for the Lovelace's clinic Women in Space program waned when it became clear she wouldn't be the program's face, highlighting her desire to remain in the spotlight. Jackie Cochran's story is a testament to her incredible drive and the significant impact she had on aviation and women's roles within it. Inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1971, she remains one of the most accomplished pilots of her era, despite the complexities of her legacy. Her story, as shared in the Womanica podcast, underscores the multifaceted nature of pioneering women in history, whose achievements can inspire and challenge us in equal measure.

Episode Show Notes

Jackie Cochran (c. 1906-1980) was the first woman to break the sound barrier. In her time as a pilot, she held more records than any other contemporary aviator.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_01: Hello, from Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica.This month, we're talking about women of sound.These women dominated the airwaves, innovating, documenting, and creating the audio landscape we live in today.Today, we're talking about an enigmatic pilot who pioneered women's aviation.Her determination to be the best led her to breaking several flying records and to become the first woman to break the sound barrier.Let's talk about Jackie Cochran. Before she was Jacqueline Cochran, the pilot and businesswoman, she was Bessie Lee Pittman from the Florida Panhandle.Bessie was born into a poor family of seven, sometime between 1906 and 1910.She wore dresses made of old flour sacks and didn't own a pair of shoes until she was eight years old.That same year, she dropped out of school and began working in a cotton mill. By the age of nine, she was supervising the other children in the mill and earning $5 a week. At least, that's the story Jackie told years later in her autobiography.Young Bessie definitely grew up in small-town Florida, and her family was far from wealthy.But recent scholarship has suggested her flower sack dresses might be fiction.Either way, Jackie's dedication to telling her story her way was one of her defining characteristics. As a teen, Bessie found work at a hair salon.When she was just 13 or 14 years old, Bessie married and had her only child.The marriage was short-lived, and her son died just a few years later.She kept her husband's last name, Cochran, and adopted a new first name, Jacqueline.Ready to leave her past behind, Jackie Cochran moved to New York City. Jackie's hairstyling skills got her a job at the salon at Saks Fifth Avenue.She met her second husband, millionaire Floyd Odlum, through her high society clientele.Soon, Jackie was inspired to create a cosmetic line of her own.Floyd told Jackie if she wanted to have a successful traveling business, she'd need to be able to travel independently.And what better method for travel than to fly? So, Jackie learned how to fly.And in true Jackie fashion, she received her pilot license in just three weeks.Throughout the 1930s, Jackie set speed records and competed in air races.She won the Bendix Trophy Race.She also received the Harman Trophy for her outstanding performance in aviation, twice. Jackie got plenty of media attention for her accomplishments, as well as for her ultra-feminine appearance. After a race, she'd spend a moment reapplying her lipstick in the cockpit.Jackie and her husband also befriended famed pilot Amelia Earhart, President Franklin Roosevelt, and his wife, Eleanor.Jackie used her friendship with the First Lady to advocate for wartime roles for women aviators.In 1942, Jackie organized the Women's Flying Training Detachment, where she'd train women to become pilots. Later, Jackie's group was combined with another that consisted of more experienced ferrying pilots.The resulting squadron was renamed the Women Air Force Service Pilots, or WASP.But when World War II ended, there was no longer a need for WASP.The unit disbanded.For her efforts, Jackie was given the Distinguished Service Medal, making her the first woman civilian to receive the honor. After the war, Jackie was ready to get back into racing.She broke a few speed records, but Jackie wanted more.In 1947, Major Charles Chuck Yeager had become the first pilot in history to have exceeded the speed of sound in level flight.Jackie set out to become the first woman to do the same.She began training on jet aircrafts and even enlisted Major Yeager to help.After months of training in an F-86 Sabre, Jackie was ready to break the sound barrier. On May 18, 1953, Jackie took off in her aircraft with Major Yeager flying next to her.Jackie increased the speed to reach Mach 1.The closer she got to it, the more her aircraft began to rattle.She could see shockwaves rolling off her jet. She would not be deterred.She continued to gain velocity, and then two sonic booms hit Jackie. The entire aircraft vibrated, but Jackie was surrounded by silence.After she landed, Jackie ran to the men in the tower hoping for confirmation.Did they hear what she did?Had she broken the sound barrier?Her team had not heard the booms that rattled her jet.So she set off that afternoon and broke the sound barrier a second time.Over the course of a week, Jackie broke multiple records in the Sabre. In 1964, she flew even faster, becoming the first woman to fly Mach 2, twice the speed of sound. Jackie was a trailblazer, but she was not one to share the limelight.Though she advocated for women to be involved in the war effort, she did not support women joining military academies.She was also against women as commercial pilots, because she said they would have children and quit their jobs. Jackie financially supported the Lovelace's clinic Women in Space program until it became clear she wouldn't be able to go to space herself.And then she grew even more upset when she found out another woman would be the face of the program.Still, Jackie was a decorated pilot in her lifetime.She was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1971. Jackie Cochran died on August 9, 1980.Despite her complex legacy, she remains one of the most accomplished pilots of her era.All month, we're talking about women of sound. For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.Talk to you tomorrow. SPEAKER_03: We'll be right back. So take your hair removal routine to the next level with Conair Girl Bomb, available at Walgreens. 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