Women of Sound: Jean Ritchie

Episode Summary

The podcast episode titled "Women of Sound: Jean Ritchie" from Wonder Media Network, hosted by Jenny Kaplan, delves into the life and legacy of Jean Ritchie, a pivotal figure in the American folk music revival. Born in the early 1920s in Viper, Kentucky, Jean Ritchie grew up in a family deeply rooted in traditional songs, which were a significant part of her upbringing. Despite the modernization of the world around them, Ritchie's family maintained a connection to their British ancestors through music, singing ballads and hymns that had been passed down through generations. Jean, particularly drawn to the dulcimer, a traditional instrument, learned to play it in secret due to her father's restrictions, eventually becoming a proficient musician. After graduating from the University of Kentucky with a degree in social work, Ritchie moved to New York City, bringing her dulcimer and vast repertoire of songs with her. Her music, characterized by its simplicity and connection to her Appalachian roots, quickly captivated audiences, leading to paid gigs and appearances on radio and TV shows. Her encounter with folklorist Alan Lomax was a turning point, resulting in her songs being recorded and sent to the Library of Congress, solidifying her place in the folk music revival. A Fulbright scholarship allowed Ritchie to explore the origins of her ancestors' folk music in the British Isles, further establishing her as an expert in the field. Jean Ritchie's influence extended beyond her performances. She was a regular at the Newport Folk Festival, sharing stages with icons like Bob Dylan and Joan Baez. Despite the evolving music scene, Ritchie remained true to her roots while also addressing contemporary issues through her songwriting, often under a male pseudonym to avoid controversy. Her album "None But One" won critical acclaim, introducing her music to a new generation. Ritchie's legacy is marked by her deep connection to her Appalachian heritage, her contributions to folk music, and her role in bridging the past with the present. She passed away in 2015 at the age of 92, leaving behind a rich musical legacy that continues to inspire.

Episode Show Notes

Jean Ritchie (1922-2015) was the mother of folk music. She was an instrumental voice in the American folk music revival of the 1940s and 60s, and introduced a traditional dulcimer sound to a wider audience.

Episode Transcript

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SPEAKER_01: Hello.From Wonder Media Network, I'm Jenny Kaplan, and this is Womanica.This month, we're talking about women of sound.These women dominated the airwaves, innovating, documenting, and creating the audio landscape we live in today. Picture this.A young woman sits on the grass.Behind her is a wall of pink hydrangeas.Her ginger hair is long and pinned out of her face.Her checkered blue dress is splayed out around her.She looks down at a dulcimer on her lap and closes her eyes as she starts to play a tune, humming along the way she has since she was a child. Her husband snaps a photo and captures the mother of folk music with the iconic instrument she introduced to a wider audience. It's an image that's both timeless and hearkens back to an earlier era.This is the woman who reached across time to bring an old sound to modern America.Meet Jean Ritchie.In the early 1920s, Jean Ritchie was born at the foot of the Cumberland Mountains in Viper, Kentucky.Her parents were farmers, and Jean was the youngest of 14 children. As the world modernized around them, her family still performed many household and farm tasks by hand, washing dishes, hoeing corn, and churning butter.And to pass the time, the whole family sang.Not the new jazz songs that were sweeping the nation, but traditional songs like ballads and hymns.These were songs that their British ancestors had brought from overseas when they settled the Appalachian Mountains. Throughout Jean's childhood, singing filled every room in her home. At night, her family gathered together on their porch to sing up the moon, as Jean called it.As a young child, Jean watched her father play the dulcimer, a wooden lap instrument typically plucked with your fingers.Jean yearned to play the dulcimer too, but her father wouldn't allow his children to touch his rare instrument.Jean ignored her father's rules.She would find spare moments to sneak away and play the dulcimer in secret. As she got older, she played openly, plucking the strings with a goose feather quill.Her father was impressed.He called her a natural musician.In 1946, Jean graduated from the University of Kentucky with a bachelor's degree in social work. From there, she got a job in New York City, and she brought her dulcimer and the hundreds of songs she'd learned as a child. When she wasn't working, Jean could be found pulling out her dulcimer at house parties and singing in her high-pitched hummingbird voice.She would sit on a chair and close her eyes as she sang about her simple upbringing.When she was finished, she would open her eyes to an audience transfixed.From those parties, Jean started getting paid gigs.She became a regular at the coffeehouse scene in Greenwich Village. she was asked to perform on radio and TV shows.While most of the country was grooving to rock and roll, Jean continued to strum her mountain songs.It wasn't until Jean met Alan Lomax that she began recording her songs.Alan was a folklorist and an ethnomusicologist. And when Alan first heard Jean play, he immediately asked her to record every song she knew.She said that would take some time because she knew at least 300 songs. Many, many hours later, when they were done recording, Allen sent her songs to the Library of Congress.Jean's voice was officially part of the folk music revival, and the dulcimer was the bedrock of her iconic sound.In 1952, Jean received a Fulbright scholarship that allowed her to travel to the British Isles and study the origins of her ancestors' folk music.Jean and her husband, George, rented a little French car and zipped through England, Scotland, and Ireland. When they arrived in each town, word would spread that there was an American folk singer in the area.The whole community would cram into someone's home and perform local songs for her.She recorded these sessions and grew her collection of songs.When Jean returned to America, she was seen as an official expert in all things folk music, its origin, evolution, and style of performance. By the end of the 1950s, Jean was invited to perform at the inaugural Newport Folk Festival by her friend and fellow folk singer Pete Seeger.Throughout the years, she played at the festival three times and shared the stage with Joan Baez, Bo Diddley, Bob Dylan, and Peter, Paul, and Mary.Longtime folk singer and radio host Oscar Brand later said, If you want to hear America singing, you listen to Jean Ritchie. Jean was seen as a traditionalist, someone who sang old songs and sounded of the people, while more mainstream folk singers were writing more topical and political songs.The hardest act Jean had to follow at the festival was the year that Arlo Guthrie debuted his acclaimed song, Alice's Restaurant, with lyrics that protested the Vietnam War draft.Fans loved it.They cheered and cheered as Arlo exited the stage, and Jean took her place in front of the crowd. As she stood there in her simple prairie dress, she began singing a few lines of Amazing Grace a cappella and captivated the thousands of festival-goers.Jean wasn't immune to the changing times, and she began writing her own folk songs.Her new songs talked about workers' rights, protecting the environment, and peace. These songs were mostly written under a male pseudonym, so her mother wouldn't be harassed by neighbors who might assume that her daughter was a communist. and she thought songs written by a man might get more attention.She was right.They were covered by a number of famous artists, including Johnny Cash.By the late 1970s, Jean's husband had the idea to record her songs with electric instruments, so her songs could be heard on the radio.Her record, None But One, went on to win Rolling Stone Magazine's 1977 Critics' Choice Award.It brought her music to a new generation. And one was white and all of them were brothers And sounding all around us, sounding everywhere And none but one can understand and none but one can hear Jean performed for more than 50 years, created more than 40 albums, wrote numerous books, and performed on some of the biggest stages in the Western world, from Carnegie Hall to London's Royal Albert Hall. She won the Folk Alliance's Lifetime Achievement Award and the National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts.Her music sailed over the Appalachian Mountains and reverberated around the nation. Through all the changes she saw in her life, Jean never lost her connection with her roots.In her old age, Jean once said that out of all of the places she's performed, her favorite place to sing was during family reunions back in Kentucky. Her family would gather around on a porch and sing up the moon together.Jean died in 2015 at the age of 92.All month, we're talking about women of sound.For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.Talk to you on Monday. SPEAKER_09: Looking for hair removal tools that not only deliver smooth results, but also empower you with a sense of complete control?Enter Conair Girl Bomb, your secret weapons for smooth, sleek results made just for women.From the ultimate girl bomb grip and professional-grade blades, you don't have to compromise and settle for less. Conair Girlbomb equips you with the precision and power previously reserved for men's grooming tools.So take your hair removal routine to the next level with Conair Girlbomb.Available at conairgirlbomb.com or a retailer near you. 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