Women of Sound: Margaret Watts Hughes

Episode Summary

Margaret Watts Hughes, a woman born in Dowless, Wales during the 1840s, is celebrated for her innovative contribution to both the arts and sciences through her invention, the eidophone. From a young age, Margaret displayed a remarkable talent for singing, which led her to receive professional training at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Her life was deeply intertwined with her Welsh heritage, her music, and her devout religious beliefs, which she expressed through writing Welsh church hymns and prioritizing religious gatherings over concert performances. In the 1880s, inspired by physicist and musician Ernst Chladni's work with resonance patterns, Margaret embarked on a journey to visualize sound. She developed a prototype that allowed her to see the effects of her voice on sand or powder spread over a rubber membrane, creating intricate patterns and shapes. This experimentation led to the creation of the eidophone, an instrument that could transform vocal sounds into visual art. By adjusting the pitch, volume, and tone of her voice, Margaret could manipulate the material on the membrane to form various complex shapes, from realistic flowers to psychedelic landscapes. Margaret's work with the eidophone gained significant attention, leading her to publish her findings and conduct demonstrations, even becoming the first woman to present a scientific invention before the prestigious Royal Society. Her voice figures, as she called them, were not just a fusion of art and science but also held a deeper spiritual significance for her. She pondered the possibility that the world itself might be a voice figure, created from the voice of God. Margaret Watts Hughes passed away in 1907, leaving behind a legacy that redefined the perception of sound, merging the auditory with the visual in a way that had never been done before. Her work continues to inspire both scientists and artists, bridging the gap between two worlds with her extraordinary invention.

Episode Show Notes

Margaret Watts Hughes (c.1847-1907) was a Welsh singer, songwriter and scientist. She invented the eidophone, which allowed her to observe and visualize the human voice.

Episode Transcript

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Let's talk about Margaret Watts Hughes.Margaret was born in Dowless, Wales in the 1840s.At a young age, she discovered her gift for singing.Her voice was so promising that local foundations pooled money for her to get professional training. When she was around 17 years old, she enrolled at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Margaret grew up as a young woman of Welsh society.She continued singing, got married, and founded a boys' home.Margaret was also deeply religious and showed that devotion in her music.She wrote Welsh church hymns and always opted for a religious gathering over performing in a concert.In the 1880s, Margaret found a new medium for her singing, visual art. Margaret heard about physicist and musician Ernst Chladni and his work making Chladni figures, patterns formed by resonance.By running a bow along a metal plate, he could create intricate geometric patterns.Margaret realized she could make her own patterns by visualizing the intensity and variety of her own voice.Margaret put together a prototype to experiment. She stretched a rubber membrane over a large receiving chamber. and then ran a tube into it.On top of the rubber, she laid sand or some other type of powder.Then she sang into the other end of the tube.It looked kind of like an oddly proportioned pipe.At first, the contraption was just a way to see her voice, to watch the grains scatter on a sour note and see how far she could get the particles to go. But one day, in May of 1885, she noticed something new.She scattered the powder atop the rubber, and instead of belting, sang a mellow tune.As she held a note, she watched the powder bounce, bounce, bounce into a formation, as if the grains were drawn to those spots on the membrane.It looked like a flower. Marker resolved to find more forms. Depending on how loud her voice was, what pitch she sang, and how she sang it, Margaret could get the sand to form various complex shapes in response to her song.Realistic pansies and ferns, psychedelic landscapes, undulating serpents, trees with delicate branching whispers.Margaret also added liquid to the rubber membrane, which made the effects even greater. A loud note sent the liquid up in a spray, like a fountain.A gentle hum sparked tiny ripples across the pool.Margaret had invented the idaphone.That was what she called the contraption.She called the geometric figures the idaphone made voice figures.They were imprints of her voice. Once she'd gotten a sense of what voice figures she could make, Margaret continued experimenting. She placed a dollop of pigment on the center of the rubber.Then she used her voice to move the pigment as she had the sand and the powder, ushering the color into circles and patterns.Her voice was like a paintbrush, soft notes to spread the color, a crescendo to intensify the pigment's path.And if something didn't look quite right, a small diminuendo would return the paint back to its original spot. In 1891, Margaret published her first findings of voice figures in The Century, an illustrated magazine.She accompanied her explanation of the eidophone with schematics and pictures of the resulting voice figures.By pressing glass over the eidophone, Margaret captured what she called impression figures, essentially taking a snapshot of a song.They look almost like modern 3D computer-generated images. Margaret created a handheld version of the Idaphone and conducted demonstrations in London. She even became the first woman to present a scientific invention in front of the prestigious Royal Society.Margaret had brought her voice into the material realm.She decorated the walls of the boys' home with the glass plates, impressing passersby with these unique, yet organic, prints.Margaret experimented with her Idaphone for years, Her work visualizing sound garnered the attention of scientists and artists alike.But for Margaret, there was something more in her voice figures.Ever devout, as she sang and brought these pieces of sound into the world, she asked if God had done the same thing in creating our world out of the void. She said she hoped that her voice figures would provide, quote, yet another link in the great chain of the organized universe that took its shape in the voice of God.In simpler terms, she asked, was Earth not a voice figure itself?Margaret died in 1907. In her lifetime, she redefined the way we look at sound.Her work left behind an incredibly high-fidelity form of her recorded voice.The only catch?We don't actually know what it sounded like. All month, we're talking about women of sound.For more information, find us on Facebook and Instagram at Womanica Podcast.Special thanks to Liz Kaplan, my favorite sister and co-creator.As always, we'll be taking a break for the weekend.Tune in on Monday for a brand new theme. SPEAKER_07: Looking for hair removal tools that not only deliver smooth results, but also empower you with a sense of complete control?Enter Conair Girl Bomb, your secret weapons for smooth, sleek results made just for women.From the ultimate girl bomb grip and professional-grade blades, you don't have to compromise and settle for less. 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